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(2) . Historically, bone metastases from NETs were considered to be extremely rare (3, 4) . As few as 50 case reports were identified in a recently published literature review on skeletal metastases from carcinoid tumors (5) . In a series of 145
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always been considered a rare and late event. To date, thanks to the improvement of therapies, which has lengthened the life expectancy of NET patients, and imaging techniques, in particular PET with 68 Ga-SSA, the amount of diagnosis of bone metastases
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detection and appropriate treatment might improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with DTC bone metastases ( 10 ). However, there is no standardized treatment regimen for these patients. At present, the main treatment modalities include
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-V/ARwt heterodimers form in parallel and have the potential to regulate different sets of target genes ( 75 ). AR-Vs may transcribe canonically androgen-regulated genes or a unique subset of genes or possibly both. In clinical bone metastases, we found high AR-V7
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metastases (encephalic parenchyma involvement and/or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis) from this tumor were considered as inclusion criteria. Patients with coexisting malignant neoplasms and/or CNS involvement due to skull bone metastases were excluded from
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developed metachronous metastases after a median follow-up period of 17.5 months (range: 12–48 months). Synchronous metastases were common in bones, lungs and liver, whereas in patients with metachronous metastases, apart from bones, lungs and liver, five
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as bone metastases, appeared during the follow-up were not excluded, which might have affected the prognosis. Conclusion Among cases of lung metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with RAI accumulation, those with high NLR at initial
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successfully used as a therapeutic and preventive treatment strategy in management of patients with bone metastases from various tumors ( 62 ). Their beneficial effect in LCH bone lesions was first reported in 1989 when clodronate was used to treat multifocal
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, alkaline phosphatase; F, female; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; M, male; OP, operation; Y, year. A total of 6 patients with PC had distant metastases, including the 4 cases with lung metastases, 1 with bone metastases, and 1 with liver and lung
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Centrality of lung metastases unknown 4 (2.8) ---- 4 (7.5) 2 (4.7) 2 (20.0) 0.16 d Visible metastases in bone 0.37 c 0.060 c Yes 32 (22.4) 18 (20.0) 14 (26.4) 9 (20.9) 5 (50.0) No 111 (77.6) 72