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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
K. G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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K. G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
K. G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Introduction Autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) is usually caused by adrenal adenomas or hyperplasia and is frequently diagnosed in patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI). AI are adrenal masses discovered on imaging undertaken for other
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Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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incidentalomas with mild cortisol excess, when the classical clinical features of Cushing’s syndrome are not present, are defined as mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) ( 6 ). It has been reported that MACS is observed in 15–50% of patients with adrenal
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Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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( 10 ) or autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) ( 11 ). The prevalence of ACS is approximately 20% in patients with PA ( 12 , 13 ). The clinical and laboratory manifestations present as a spectrum from very low cortisol secretion, to subclinical Cushing
University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared to patients with essential hypertension (EHT) ( 2 ). On the other hand, autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) is a well-known condition linked to a detrimental cardiometabolic profile
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Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Department of General Surgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, New Zealand
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Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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sulfate (aka DHEA) has recently shown promise as a tool to detect mild autonomous cortisol secretion ( 47 ). Acknowledging the above difficulties assessing for milder forms of cortisol autonomy, the possibility of abnormal cortisol physiology in PA
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dependent. With advancing age, serum cortisol concentrations during the evening and early night increase, together with an advance (earlier) shift in the timing of maximal secretion ( 8 , 9 ). In addition, negative feedback inhibition of ACTH by cortisol in
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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their own potential genetic and environmental differences, it is important to note that the timing of doses was not considered in the study. Loss of diurnal rhythm in autonomous cortisol secretion also increases mortality Both autonomous cortisol
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chronically suppressed by autonomous cortisol secretion, and this may ameliorate the safety profile. We hypothesized that metyrapone could be a perfectly suitable drug for a preoperative treatment of patients with ACTH-independent CS, since the fast action
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hyperaldosteronism, hypercortisolism and pheochromocytoma. Plasma renin/aldosterone ratios, plasma normetanephrine, metanephrines and urinary free cortisol (UFC) were also studied. Autonomous cortisol secretion was described as serum cortisol >1.8 µg/dL following 1
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Radiology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Diabetology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France
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UR 7537 BioSTM, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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series) but they can be responsible for autonomous cortisol secretion in about 12% of cases (1–29% among series) and for aldosterone secretion in 2.5% of cases (1.6–3.3% among series) ( 5 ). Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is