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Kirsty G Pringle School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia

Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Sarah J Delforce School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia

Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Yu Wang School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia

Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Katie A Ashton School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia

Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Anthony Proietto Hunter Centre for Gynaecological Cancer, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Geoffrey Otton Hunter Centre for Gynaecological Cancer, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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C Caroline Blackwell School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia

Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Rodney J Scott School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia

Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Eugenie R Lumbers School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia

Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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circulating endocrine system that controls blood pressure, salt and water balance, and aldosterone secretion; it plays a major role in the aetiology of hypertension. Renin releases ten amino acids from angiotensinogen (AGT) resulting in the formation of Ang I

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Sarah J Delforce School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Eugenie R Lumbers School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Celine Corbisier de Meaultsart School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Yu Wang Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Anthony Proietto Hunter Centre for Gynaecological Cancer, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Geoffrey Otton Hunter Centre for Gynaecological Cancer, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Jim Scurry Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Nicole M Verrills School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Priority Research Centre for Cancer, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Rodney J Scott School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Kirsty G Pringle School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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component of a vacuolar (v)-ATPase that can acidify the extracellular milieu. The (P)RR also binds both prorenin and renin ( 7 ). Prorenin bound to the (P)RR can cleave angiotensin I (Ang I) from angiotensinogen (AGT). Angiotensin II (Ang II), cleaved from

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M L M Barreto-Chaves Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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N Senger Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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M R Fevereiro Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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A C Parletta Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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A P C Takano Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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juxtaglomerular cells) forms angiotensin I (Ang I) by cleavage of the N-terminal portion of hepatic angiotensinogen (AGT). Ang I is converted into angiotensin II (Ang II) by the action of ACE (Ang I converting enzyme), an endothelial peptidase which removes two C

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Andrea V Haas Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Paul N Hopkins Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

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Nancy J Brown Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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Luminita H Pojoga Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Jonathan S Williams Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Gail K Adler Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Gordon H Williams Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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looked at two other genes in this same population, angiotensinogen and serum/glucose regulated kinase 1, which are both associated with salt sensitive hypertension ( 31 , 32 ). We found no relationship between Framingham risk score and angiotensinogen

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Wioletta Pijacka
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Morag G Hunter
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Fiona Broughton Pipkin School of Biosciences, New Maternity Unit, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK

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Martin R Luck
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Introduction The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is mainly associated with the regulation of blood pressure and ion homeostasis. The classically described circulating RAS comprises angiotensinogen (AGT) produced in the liver, renin (REN) produced by

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Timothy J Morris Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Andrew Whatmore Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK

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Laura Hamilton Pathology Department, Clinical Biochemistry, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Lindley, Huddersfield, UK

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Beverly Hird Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Eric S Kilpatrick Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Lesley Tetlow Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Peter Clayton Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK

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use it. However, it is thought that PRA lacks accuracy due to glucocorticoid-mediated changes in angiotensinogen levels and a resultant upward shift of PRA, hence a move towards using PRC ( 7 ). Whilst other studies have looked at using PRC ( 8 , 9

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Rongpeng Gong Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China

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Gang Luo College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China

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Mingxiang Wang Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China

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Lingbo Ma Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China

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Shengnan Sun Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China

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Xiaoxing Wei Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China

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accelerate the synthesis of factors including leptin, angiotensinogen, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, transforming growth factor B, adiponectin, adiponectin and resistin. These factors, at least in experimental

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Shenghe Luo College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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Yunhui Zuo Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Xiaotian Cui Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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Meiping Zhang Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Honghua Jin Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Lan Hong Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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with Angiotensinogen II-induced hypertension ( 11 , 12 , 13 ). This is in contrast to patient data from our previous clinical investigation, in which measurements of ANP and GLP-1 in patients with ACS showed a decrease in GLP-1 but an increase in ANP

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Antonia Ertelt Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Ann-Kristin Barton Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Robert R Schmitz Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Heidrun Gehlen Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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synthesis of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, coagulation factors, and angiotensinogen. The liver plays a major role in HMS regarding the development of coagulation disorders, thrombosis, vascular occlusion, and inflammation (96, 97) . Not only do free fatty

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Riccardo Pofi Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Ilaria Bonaventura Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy

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Joanne Duffy Department of Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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Zoe Maunsell Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK

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Brian Shine Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK

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Andrea M Isidori Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy

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Jeremy W Tomlinson Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Chimica Acta 2013 420 109 – 113 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.026 ) 41 Reid IA Tu WH Otsuka K Assaykeen TA & Ganong WF . Studies concerning the regulation and importance of plasma angiotensinogen concentration in the dog

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