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Irena Kasacka Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Żaneta Piotrowska Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Natalia Domian Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Alicja Lewandowska Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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, 4 , 5 , 6 ). Wnt/β-catenin signaling determines key physiological processes of the adrenal glands such as gland development, organ architecture, differentiation of glandular cells, regeneration processes, and hormone production ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0121
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 8
Open access
Wafaa M Rashed Research Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt
Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt

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Anas Saad Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria

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Muneer Al-Husseini Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

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Ahmed Mahmoud Galal Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt

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Assem Mohamed Ismael Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt

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Ahmed M Al-Tayep Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt

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Ayman El Shafie Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt

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Mahmoud Ahmed Ali Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt

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Ahmad Samir Alfaar Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Ophthalmology Department, Berlin, Germany

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Introduction The adrenal gland malignancies are extremely sporadic and heterogeneous. It represents 3.6% of endocrine glands cancers ( 1 ). Adrenal malignancies can be either primary adrenal tumors or secondary metastases, with metastases

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0304
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 10
Open access
Huifei Sophia Zheng Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

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Jeffrey G Daniel Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

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Julia M Salamat Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

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Laci Mackay Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

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Chad D Foradori Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

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Robert J Kemppainen Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

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Satyanarayana R Pondugula Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

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Ya-Xiong Tao Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

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Chen-Che Jeff Huang Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

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reducing endogenous GC secretion. The mechanisms of the abovementioned Dex-mediated negative feedback have been widely assessed ( 7 ). However, the immediate transcriptomic response (i.e. within approximately 1 h) of the adrenal gland to Dex administration

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0064
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 8
Open access
Jung Soo Lim Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea

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Seung-Eun Lee Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea

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Jung Hee Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea

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Jae Hyeon Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea

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The Korean Adrenal Gland and Endocrine Hypertension Study Group, Korean Endocrine Society
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neoplasm of adrenal gland, other type of adrenal cancer, unspecified adrenal cancer). Patients with metastasis to the adrenal gland were excluded. The following data were collected from registered ACC patients: age at diagnosis, sex, BMI, date of last

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0196
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 6
Open access
Frans H H Leenen Brain and Heart Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Mordecai P Blaustein Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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John M Hamlyn Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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column chromatography prior to MS. A recent commentary provides a more in-depth review of this topic ( 28 ). The adrenal glands are highly enriched with EO in humans, rodents and cattle ( 54 , 56 ), and plasma EO is extremely low in adrenalectomized

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0161
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 7
Open access
Tatiana V Novoselova Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Peter J King Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Leonardo Guasti Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Louise A Metherell Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Adrian J L Clark Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Li F Chan Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dictates the production of glucocorticoids secreted from the adrenal gland. Parvocellular neurosecretory neurons within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0190
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 7
Open access
Paraskevi Kazakou Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Stavroula A Paschou Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Theodora Psaltopoulou Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Maria Gavriatopoulou Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Eleni Korompoki Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Katerina Stefanaki Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Fotini Kanouta Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Georgia N Kassi Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Asimina Mitrakou Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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, nervous, and endocrine system ( 4 , 5 ). Endocrine glands such as pancreas, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries have been found to express ACE2 and TMPRSS2, with the highest concentration in the testes, followed by

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0184
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 9
Open access
Trine Holm Johannsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jakob Albrethsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Vassos Neocleous The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Federico Baronio S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna, Italy

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Martine Cools Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Lise Aksglaede Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Niels Jørgensen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Peter Christiansen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Meropi Toumba The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus
Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Aretaeio Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Pavlos Fanis The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Introduction Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a recessive condition that affects the adrenal glands. The condition occurs in 1 out of 14–18,000 births worldwide ( 1 ). The most common form of CAH results from mutations in the

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0073
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 8
Open access
Hanna F Nowotny Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Jillian Bryce Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Salma R Ali Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Roberta Giordano Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

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Federico Baronio Pediatric Unit, Department Hospital of Woman and Child, Endo-ERN Centre IT11, IRCSS AOU S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy

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Irina Chifu Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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Lea Tschaidse Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Martine Cools Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium

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Erica LT van den Akker Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Henrik Falhammar Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan Italy

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Guglielmo Beccuti Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

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Ian L Ross Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

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Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Organisation and Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel

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Alberto M Pereira Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Eystein S Husebye Department of Clinical Science and KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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Stefanie Hahner Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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S Faisal Ahmed Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

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Nicole Reisch Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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COVID-19 infection receiving oxygen or on invasive ventilation has shown to improve mortality rates most likely preventing cytokine storm and hyperinflammation ( 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ). Patients with preexisting adrenal gland disorders, such as

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0416
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Gavin P Vinson School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK

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Caroline H Brennan School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK

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adrenocortical hormones were even characterized that morphine toxicity was linked to the adrenal gland. Thus, Lewis (1) and Mackay & Mackay (2) showed that adrenalectomy increased morphine sensitivity in female rats, and chronic treatment with morphine in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0028
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 3
Open access