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Anita Hokken-Koelega
Anita Hokken-Koelega
Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Aart-Jan van der Lely
Aart-Jan van der Lely
Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Berthold Hauffa
Berthold Hauffa
University Children’s Hospital, Essen, Germany
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Gabriele Häusler
Gabriele Häusler
Medical University and General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gudmundur Johannsson
Gudmundur Johannsson
Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Mohamad Maghnie
Mohamad Maghnie
Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Jesús Argente
Jesús Argente
Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
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Jean DeSchepper
Jean DeSchepper
University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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Helena Gleeson
Helena Gleeson
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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John W Gregory
John W Gregory
Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Charlotte Höybye
Charlotte Höybye
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fahrettin Keleştimur
Fahrettin Keleştimur
Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Anton Luger
Anton Luger
Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Hermann L Müller
Hermann L Müller
Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Oldenburg, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Sebastian Neggers
Sebastian Neggers
University Children’s Hospital, Essen, Germany
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Vera Popovic-Brkic
Vera Popovic-Brkic
Belgrade University School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
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Eleonora Porcu
Eleonora Porcu
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Lars Sävendahl
Lars Sävendahl
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Stephen Shalet
Stephen Shalet
The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Bessie Spiliotis
Bessie Spiliotis
University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
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Maithé Tauber
Maithé Tauber
Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
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Whitman BY Zipf WB Frey M Myers S Cahan M Pinyerd B Southren AL. Growth hormone treatment of adults with Prader-Willi syndrome and growth hormone deficiency improves lean body mass, fractional body fat, and serum
M Ahmid
M Ahmid
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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C G Perry
C G Perry
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow, UK
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S F Ahmed
S F Ahmed
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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M G Shaikh
M G Shaikh
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is an endocrine condition that can potentially impact on an individual’s life from childhood, adolescence to young adulthood and beyond. In UK, the prevalence of congenital childhood-onset GHD (CO
Mirjana Doknic
Mirjana Doknic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Marko Stojanovic
Marko Stojanovic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ivan Soldatovic
Ivan Soldatovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Belgrade, Serbia
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Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Belgrade, Serbia
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Tatjana Milenkovic
Tatjana Milenkovic
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Vera Zdravkovic
Vera Zdravkovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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Maja Jesic
Maja Jesic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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Sladjana Todorovic
Sladjana Todorovic
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Katarina Mitrovic
Katarina Mitrovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Rade Vukovic
Rade Vukovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Dragana Miljic
Dragana Miljic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Dragan Savic
Dragan Savic
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mihajlo Milicevic
Mihajlo Milicevic
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Aleksandar Stanimirovic
Aleksandar Stanimirovic
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Vojislav Bogosavljevic
Vojislav Bogosavljevic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Sandra Pekic
Sandra Pekic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Emilija Manojlovic-Gacic
Emilija Manojlovic-Gacic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Aleksandar Djukic
Aleksandar Djukic
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Danica Grujicic
Danica Grujicic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Milan Petakov
Milan Petakov
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Introduction Patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency (COGHD) represent a heterogeneous group in terms of etiology of growth hormone deficiency (GHD), time of GHD onset and recombinant human GH (rhGH) replacement commencement, duration
Sherwin Criseno
Sherwin Criseno
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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Helena Gleeson
Helena Gleeson
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Andrew A Toogood
Andrew A Toogood
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Neil Gittoes
Neil Gittoes
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Anne Topping
Anne Topping
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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Niki Karavitaki
Niki Karavitaki
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a clinical condition that can present in childhood or adult life. Adult-onset GHD is usually caused by a pituitary tumour and/or its treatments (surgery, radiotherapy) ( 1 ). Although the true
Anastasia Ibba
Anastasia Ibba
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Francesca Corrias
Francesca Corrias
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Chiara Guzzetti
Chiara Guzzetti
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Letizia Casula
Letizia Casula
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Mariacarolina Salerno
Mariacarolina Salerno
Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Natascia di Iorgi
Natascia di Iorgi
Dipartimento di Pediatria, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Gianluca Tornese
Gianluca Tornese
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Clinica Pediatrica, IRCCS Materno-infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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Giuseppa Patti
Giuseppa Patti
Dipartimento di Pediatria, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Giorgio Radetti
Giorgio Radetti
Dipartimento di Pediatria, Ospedale Generale Regionale, Bolzano, Italy
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Mohamad Maghnie
Mohamad Maghnie
Dipartimento di Pediatria, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Marco Cappa
Marco Cappa
UOC di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento Universitario Ospedaliero, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Sandro Loche
Sandro Loche
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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A et al . Accuracy and limitations of the growth hormone (GH) releasing hormone-arginine retesting in young adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency . Frontiers in Endocrinology 2019 10 525. ( https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019
Martin Bidlingmaier
Martin Bidlingmaier
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Helena Gleeson
Helena Gleeson
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Ana-Claudia Latronico
Ana-Claudia Latronico
Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Martin O Savage
Martin O Savage
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Skakkebaek NE . Growth hormone (GH) provocative retesting of 108 young adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency and the diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Kevin C J Yuen
Kevin C J Yuen
Departments of Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
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Gudmundur Johannsson
Gudmundur Johannsson
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ken K Y Ho
Ken K Y Ho
The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Bradley S Miller
Bradley S Miller
Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Medical School, M Health Fairview Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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Ignacio Bergada
Ignacio Bergada
Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Alan D Rogol
Alan D Rogol
Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a clinical syndrome that can present either as isolated GHD or associated with additional pituitary hormone deficiencies in children and adults. Childhood-onset GHD (CO-GHD) is often idiopathic
Nikolaos Kyriakakis
Nikolaos Kyriakakis
Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Marilena Giannoudi
Marilena Giannoudi
Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Satish S Kumar
Satish S Kumar
Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Khyatisha Seejore
Khyatisha Seejore
Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Georgios K Dimitriadis
Georgios K Dimitriadis
Department of Endocrinology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Harpal Randeva
Harpal Randeva
Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Adam Glaser
Adam Glaser
Pediatric Oncology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, UK
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Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, UK
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Michelle Kwok-Williams
Michelle Kwok-Williams
Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Georgina Gerrard
Georgina Gerrard
Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Carmel Loughrey
Carmel Loughrey
Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Ahmed Al-Qaissi
Ahmed Al-Qaissi
Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Ramzi Ajjan
Ramzi Ajjan
Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Julie Lynch
Julie Lynch
Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Robert D Murray
Robert D Murray
Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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was during childhood in 16 and AO in 20. The mean radiotherapy dose to the tumour was 51.9 ± 10.1 Gy. Endocrine deficits were highly prevalent within the cohort (severe growth hormone deficiency (GHD) n = 22; partial GHD ( n = 10
Urszula Smyczyńska
Urszula Smyczyńska
Department of Automatics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
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Joanna Smyczyńska
Joanna Smyczyńska
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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Maciej Hilczer
Maciej Hilczer
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Renata Stawerska
Renata Stawerska
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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Ryszard Tadeusiewicz
Ryszard Tadeusiewicz
Department of Automatics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
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Andrzej Lewiński
Andrzej Lewiński
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Endocrinology 2010 72 721 – 728 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03775.x ) 20050859 36 Murray PG Dattani MT Clayton PE. Controversies in the diagnosis and management of growth hormone deficiency in childhood and adolescence . Archives of
Rebeca Esquivel-Zuniga
Rebeca Esquivel-Zuniga
Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Alan D Rogol
Alan D Rogol
Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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emphasize the more global issues of the differential diagnosis of adolescents with DP with emphasis on some congenital and acquired forms ( 3 , 9 , 16 , 17 ). Obesity Childhood-onset obesity is an increasing concern worldwide. Both pubertal
