Behnaz Abiri
Behnaz Abiri
Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Majid Valizadeh
Majid Valizadeh
Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi
Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi
Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Shirin Amini
Shirin Amini
Department of Nutrition, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
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Mohammad Nikoohemmat
Mohammad Nikoohemmat
Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Faeze Abbaspour
Faeze Abbaspour
Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Farhad Hosseinpanah
Farhad Hosseinpanah
Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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contributing to low vitamin D levels in obesity involve volumetric dilution, sequestration into adipose tissue, limited sunlight exposure, and reduced vitamin D synthesis in adipose tissue and the liver ( 11 ). Studies have suggested that low vitamin D levels
Shenglong Le
Shenglong Le
Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Leiting Xu
Leiting Xu
Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Moritz Schumann
Moritz Schumann
Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Na Wu
Na Wu
Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Timo Törmäkangas
Timo Törmäkangas
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Markku Alén
Markku Alén
Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Sulin Cheng
Sulin Cheng
Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Petri Wiklund
Petri Wiklund
Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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substantially during puberty ( 6 , 7 ). Along these lines, low serum SHBG level has been associated with increased adiposity and insulin resistance in children and adolescents ( 3 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ); therefore, it has been hypothesized that SHBG
S U Jayasinghe
S U Jayasinghe
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S J Torres
S J Torres
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C A Nowson
C A Nowson
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A J Tilbrook
A J Tilbrook
Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Livestock and Farming Systems, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia
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A I Turner
A I Turner
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to psychological stress can be influenced by the physiological status of an individual (2) . Obesity (a state of elevated adiposity) has reached epidemic proportions in the Western world (16) . As such, an understanding of the influence of obesity
Shane M Regnier
Shane M Regnier
Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Andrew G Kirkley
Andrew G Kirkley
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Daniel Ruiz
Daniel Ruiz
Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois, USA
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Wakanene Kamau
Wakanene Kamau
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Qian Wu
Qian Wu
Wadsworth Center, New York Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
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Kurunthachalam Kannan
Kurunthachalam Kannan
Wadsworth Center, New York Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
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Robert M Sargis
Robert M Sargis
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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have shown that TF augments adipogenesis in vitro ( 18 ) and promotes insulin resistance in rodent and human adipose tissues exposed ex vivo ( 19 ). These effects are postulated to result from activation of adipocytic glucocorticoid receptor (GR
Huda M Elsharkasi
Huda M Elsharkasi
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Suet C Chen
Suet C Chen
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Lewis Steell
Lewis Steell
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Shuko Joseph
Shuko Joseph
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, UK
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Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, UK
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Naiemh Abdalrahaman
Naiemh Abdalrahaman
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Christie McComb
Christie McComb
Department of Clinical Physics, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, UK
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Blair Johnston
Blair Johnston
Department of Clinical Physics, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, UK
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John Foster
John Foster
Department of Clinical Physics, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, UK
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Sze Choong Wong
Sze Choong Wong
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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S Faisal Ahmed
S Faisal Ahmed
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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, mesenchymal stem cells are also the precursor of marrow adipocytes, and the differentiation of these stem cells to these two cell lineages is competitive and reciprocally regulated ( 5 ). Bone marrow adiposity (BMA) itself is increasingly recognised to have a
N Bergmann
N Bergmann
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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F Gyntelberg
F Gyntelberg
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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J Faber
J Faber
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Introduction The metabolic syndrome (MES) is a cluster of risk factors including male adiposity, dyslipidemia, reduced glucose tolerance and hypertension. MES is highly prevalent and increasing in most parts of the world (1) . A meta-analysis has
Liangming Li
Liangming Li
Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Yuan Wei
Yuan Wei
Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Chunlu Fang
Chunlu Fang
Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Shujing Liu
Shujing Liu
Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Fu Zhou
Fu Zhou
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Ge Zhao
Ge Zhao
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Yaping Li
Yaping Li
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Yuan Luo
Yuan Luo
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Ziyi Guo
Ziyi Guo
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Weiqun Lin
Weiqun Lin
Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wenqi Yang
Wenqi Yang
Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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with T2DM suffer from obesity ( 3 , 4 ). Overloaded energy intake and physical inactivity result in obesity characterized by rapid expansion of adipose tissue. As obesity progresses, adipose expansion outpaces the growth of vasculature, leading to
Stine Linding Andersen
Stine Linding Andersen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Louise Knøsgaard
Louise Knøsgaard
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Aase Handberg
Aase Handberg
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Peter Vestergaard
Peter Vestergaard
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Stig Andersen
Stig Andersen
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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deiodinases may influence the levels of thyroid hormones ( 9 ). Adiposity and smoking are some of the major threats to public health and common patient characteristics in pregnant and non-pregnant women ( 10 , 11 ). In non-pregnant individuals, a higher
Meena Asmar
Meena Asmar
Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ali Asmar
Ali Asmar
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lene Simonsen
Lene Simonsen
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Flemming Dela
Flemming Dela
Xlab, Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens Juul Holst
Jens Juul Holst
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens Bülow
Jens Bülow
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Introduction The regulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) is crucial in lipid homeostasis ( 1 , 2 ). It has long been recognized that the ATBF is tightly coupled to adipose tissue metabolism ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ). In
Katrine M Lauritsen
Katrine M Lauritsen
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Jens Hohwü Voigt
Jens Hohwü Voigt
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Troels K Hansen
Troels K Hansen
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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Niels Møller
Niels Møller
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Niels Jessen
Niels Jessen
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Lars C Gormsen
Lars C Gormsen
Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Esben Søndergaard
Esben Søndergaard
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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insulin-independent lowering of plasma glucose has several pleiotropic consequences that may contribute to overall cardioprotection ( 2 ). This includes a 2–2.5 kg weight loss and a significant impact on adipose tissue with an increase in lipid
