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Introduction With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it was soon realized that the disease affects not only the respiratory system but also multiple organs and
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Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan Italy
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has reminded us that precautionary measures are important to protect the most vulnerable patient subgroups. The SARS-CoV-2 virus started to spread from
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Wellcome–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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, and to deliver preventative and curative interventions for the world’s population. Given the key role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in facilitating the entry of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles into the lung (alveolar epithelial type II cells
Division of Endocrinology, Mid and South Essex NHS Trust, Broomfield, UK
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Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) is a multisystem disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has been a major public health challenge across the globe since its emergence in late 2019. The
Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
University Centre of João Pessoa (UNIPE), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Postgraduate Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Behavior, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Department of Biorregulation, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Medical School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Introduction A multisystem infectious disease is caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ( 1 ). To enter the host cell, SARS-CoV-2 binds to the cellular receptor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
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monocyte and macrophage-derived interleukin 6 (IL-6), induce a non-osmotic vasopressin release ( 11 , 12 ). In predisposed individuals infected by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, IL-6 is also the main actor implied in the 'cytokine storm', which causes
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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commonly, extrapulmonary systems are affected – including the endocrine system ( 1 ). Following case reports of thyroiditis associated with COVID-19, it has been hypothesized that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might induce
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Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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analyzed so far. Another event claimed to impact GD incidence is thought to be the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Certainly, following the widespread use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, many cases of thyroid dysfunction
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Introduction Most patients affected by the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) are asymptomatic or present with mild flu-like symptoms. Around 14% of cases are severe and 5% are life-threatening ( 1 ). SARS-CoV-2 enters the lung, deposits
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Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to affect the world. Although SARS-CoV-2 results primarily in an acute respiratory illness, its direct and