Tiina Vesterinen
Tiina Vesterinen
HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Teijo Kuopio
Teijo Kuopio
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä and Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Maarit Ahtiainen
Maarit Ahtiainen
Department of Education and Research, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Aija Knuuttila
Aija Knuuttila
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Heart and Lung Center, and Cancer Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Harri Mustonen
Harri Mustonen
Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Kaisa Salmenkivi
Kaisa Salmenkivi
HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Johanna Arola
Johanna Arola
HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Caj Haglund
Caj Haglund
Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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good prognosis, for example in oral squamous cell carcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ( 8 , 9 , 10 ). Among other inflammatory cells, CD8 + T cells express membrane receptor programmed death protein 1 (PD-1
Erik Rösner
Erik Rösner
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Daniel Kaemmerer
Daniel Kaemmerer
Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
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Elisa Neubauer
Elisa Neubauer
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Jörg Sänger
Jörg Sänger
Laboratory of Pathology and Cytology Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
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Amelie Lupp
Amelie Lupp
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for several tumour types. PD-1 is expressed on B and T lymphocytes, as well as on myeloid cells, and acts as a costimulatory factor leading to
Xiaoya Zheng
Xiaoya Zheng
Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Heng Xiao
Heng Xiao
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Jian Long
Jian Long
Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Qiang Wei
Qiang Wei
Prevention of Disease Department, Chongqing Jiulongpo District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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Liping Liu
Liping Liu
Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Liping Zan
Liping Zan
Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wei Ren
Wei Ren
Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Introduction Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) blockade therapies are widely used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ( 1 ). In addition to their antitumor effects, anti-PD-1 antibodies have been reported to cause immune
Boju Pan
Boju Pan
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Anqi Wang
Anqi Wang
Clinical Biobank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Junyi Pang
Junyi Pang
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yuhan Zhang
Yuhan Zhang
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Ming Cui
Ming Cui
Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Jian Sun
Jian Sun
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhiyong Liang
Zhiyong Liang
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Introduction Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 have been described as key regulators of T cell responses, and the interaction between PD-1 on T-cells and PD-L1 on cancer cells provides a mechanism for cancer cells to evade proper
Marra Jai Aghajani
Marra Jai Aghajani
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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Tara Laurine Roberts
Tara Laurine Roberts
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Tao Yang
Tao Yang
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Saint Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
SydPath, Saint Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Saint Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
SydPath, Saint Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Charles Eugenio McCafferty
Charles Eugenio McCafferty
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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Nicole J Caixeiro
Nicole J Caixeiro
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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Paul DeSouza
Paul DeSouza
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Navin Niles
Navin Niles
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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the capabilities of standard clinicopathological staging, influence treatment direction and optimise patient benefit from novel anti-tumour agents is vital. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor inducibly expressed on
Marra Jai Aghajani
Marra Jai Aghajani
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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Tao Yang
Tao Yang
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Saint Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
SydPath, Saint Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Saint Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
SydPath, Saint Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Ulf Schmitz
Ulf Schmitz
Computational BioMedicine Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Alexander James
Alexander James
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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Charles Eugenio McCafferty
Charles Eugenio McCafferty
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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Paul de Souza
Paul de Souza
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Navin Niles
Navin Niles
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Tara L Roberts
Tara L Roberts
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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inclusion of additional variables can enhance the predictive capabilities of the current AJCC/UICC TNM staging system. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1), an inhibitory costimulatory molecule expressed on activated T, B, and NK cells, plays a critical
Hanna Karhapää
Hanna Karhapää
Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Siru Mäkelä
Siru Mäkelä
Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Hanna Laurén
Hanna Laurén
Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Marjut Jaakkola
Marjut Jaakkola
Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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Micaela Hernberg
Micaela Hernberg
Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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-cells, and activate T-cells to attack cancer cells. ICIs used to treat metastatic melanoma include anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) MAB, ipilimumab ( 1 ) and antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) MAbs, nivolumab and pembrolizumab
Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś
Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś
Department of Endocrinology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Polska, Poland
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Izabella Czajka-Oraniec
Izabella Czajka-Oraniec
Department of Endocrinology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Polska, Poland
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of the immune response, while ICIs are monoclonal antibodies directed against certain immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) (ipilimumab) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and its ligand
Jaafar Jaafar
Jaafar Jaafar
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Eugenio Fernandez
Eugenio Fernandez
Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Heba Alwan
Heba Alwan
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Jacques Philippe
Jacques Philippe
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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-1 antibodies (PD-1 Ab) and its ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 antibodies (PD-L1 Ab), has undoubtedly been proven in the management of several advanced cancers, namely melanoma, non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), urothelial cancers, head and
Shih-Rong Lin
Shih-Rong Lin
Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Shih-Fen Chen
Shih-Fen Chen
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Yu-Cih Yang
Yu-Cih Yang
Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chung-Y Hsu
Chung-Y Hsu
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yu-Chih Shen
Yu-Chih Shen
Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
Department of Psychiatry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Department of Psychiatry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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( 4 ). Epidemiological evidence has suggested a link between hyperthyroidism and incident PD. A nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden that followed 34,735 patients with Graves’ disease/hyperthyroidism has reported a 1.42-fold increased
