prompted an increasing proportion of couples to enrol in in vitro fertilization (IVF) programmes. Over the last 50 years, the sperm count has fallen by 32–50% in Europe and United States ( 2 , 3 ); this fall is too rapid to be due to a genetic factor but
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Rosalie Cabry, Philippe Merviel, Aicha Madkour, Elodie Lefranc, Florence Scheffler, Rachel Desailloud, Véronique Bach, and Moncef Benkhalifa
Masafumi Tetsuka and Misato Tanakadate
% CO 2 . In vitro fertilization (IVF) was performed following the method reported by Hamano and Kuwayama ( 15 ). Briefly, frozen semen from a Holstein bull was thawed and washed twice by centrifugation for 5 min at 800 g with sperm washing medium
Nardin Aslih, Mediea Michaeli, Diana Mashenko, Adrian Ellenbogen, Oshrit Lebovitz, Yuval Atzmon, and Einat Shalom-Paz
Introduction A goal of in vitro fertilization (IVF) is to stimulate the ovary to produce several oocytes while avoiding ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) ( 1 ). Careful evaluation of the patient during treatment is crucial for its
Jennifer K Y Ko, Jinghua Shi, Raymond H W Li, William S B Yeung, and Ernest H Y Ng
the skin upon sun exposure ( 4 ). In one study, significant seasonal variation of the pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF), which was lower in spring despite higher fertilization rate and better embryo quality in those undergoing IVF in
Wolfgang Koechling, Daniel Plaksin, Glenn E Croston, Janni V Jeppesen, Kirsten T Macklon, and Claus Yding Andersen
, and regulating ovarian steroidogenesis ( 1 ). In addition, exogenous FSH plays a central role in the treatment of infertility ( 2 ), including in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), with the GnRH antagonist protocol
Nathalie Ly, Sophie Dubreuil, and Philippe Touraine
injection or in vitro fecondation (IVF), without modification of the number of harvested oocytes ( 23 , 24 ), while others did not find any difference ( 25 , 26 ). The only randomized crossover study, by Blumenfeld, evaluated seven GHD infertile women
Rui-yi Tang, Rong Chen, Miao Ma, Shou-qing Lin, Yi-wen Zhang, and Ya-ping Wang
). The pregnancy rate was 81.3% (13/16), and 11 women achieved live births (68.8%, 11/16). These 11 women succeeded using gonadotropin treatment ( n = 4) and/or in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET, n = 7). Complications included
Hui Long, Yanhong Nie, Li Wang, Yong Lu, Yan Wang, Yijun Cai, Zhen Liu, Miaomiao Jia, Qifeng Lyu, Yanping Kuang, and Qiang Sun
characteristics, such as age, menstrual cycle length and results from previous in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles are generally considered for ovarian stimulation strategies. Apart from these factors, several ovarian markers, such as antral follicle count (AFC
Kaisu Luiro, Kristiina Aittomäki, Pekka Jousilahti, and Juha S Tapanainen
questionnaire regarding general health, morbidity and fertility. They were also asked to participate in an extensive clinical examination. Twenty-two patients were willing to take part in the clinical study, but for practical reasons (moving abroad, ongoing IVF
D Santi, A R M Granata, and M Simoni
) based on IVF were introduced to clinical practice in 1978 (7) , and progressively extended its indication from female, tubal infertility to unexplained couple infertility. Currently, intracytoplasmatic-sperm injection (ICSI) is the most frequently used
