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are still used to assess IGF1 bioactivity has been the lack of reliable assays to measure IGF1 bioactivity. An IGF1 receptor (IGF1R)-specific kinase receptor activation (KIRA) assay has been developed as an alternative method to evaluate circulating
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functions in normal tissues and tumors, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of GEP NETs (2) . The IGF system consists of different IGF-related genes: two ligands (IGF1 and IGF2), two IGF receptors (IGF1R and IGF2R), two insulin receptors (IR
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by ∼165% in the WT-AR-expressing PC3 cells ( Fig. 2 C). DHT treatment had no effect in the control, pcDNA3-transfected cells ( Fig. 2 B and C). Activation of INSR and IGF1R by insulin and IGF1: time dependency studies To identify the specific receptor(s
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Introduction Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF1R ) gene, made up of 315,991 base pairs, maps on the 15q26.3 chromosome. It encodes for a protein with a tyrosine kinase domain, which binds the IGF1 and is responsible for its
Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
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Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leadership Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Pathology, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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-term insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients and comparison of effects of insulin glargine, its metabolites, IGF-I, and human insulin on insulin and IGF-I receptor signaling . Diabetes 2013 62 2539 – 2544 . ( https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-1773 ) 10
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Department of Pathological Cytology and Anatomy, Foch Hospital, Paris, France
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Introduction Acromegaly is a rare, classical endocrine disorder that is due to chronic excess secretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) that has a prevalence of 1 in 8000–14,000 of the population ( 1 , 2 , 3
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critical for a wide variety of bodily functions, including adiposity regulation, glucose control, lipid metabolism, and cognition ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). These effects are mediated both directly by GH and indirectly by insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). In target
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glucose metabolism by promoting TCF7L2-dependent insulin receptor expression and IGF receptor stabilization in humans . Cell Metabolism 2013 17 197 – 209 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2013.01.009 ) 24 Singh R Smith E Fathzadeh M Liu W Go
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the GHRH receptor gene ( GHRHR ) (15) . These subjects have very low circulating serum IGF1 levels and could therefore be predisposed to developing NAFLD (16) . Despite abdominal obesity and unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile (high total and LDL
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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multireceptor ligand of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes 1, 2, 3 and 5 ( 11 ). It is recommended as second-line therapy for patients with acromegaly uncontrolled by surgery or first-generation SRLs in the presence of a clinically relevant residual tumor ( 1