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Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

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Monika J Bak NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

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Bolette Hartmann NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

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Louise Wulff Christensen NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

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Rune E Kuhre NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

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Carolyn F Deacon NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

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Jens J Holst NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

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20 min at 2261  g at 4 °C. Plasma was separated immediately and pooled. Next, aprotinin (Trasylol 10000 KIE/ml; Bayer Health Care AG 51368; final concentration 500 KIE/ml) and a DPP4 inhibitor (valine pyrrolidide, a gift from Novo Nordisk A

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Xiao-jun Zhou Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Lin Ding Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Jia-xin Liu Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Le-qun Su Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Jian-jun Dong Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Lin Liao Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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glycemic control remains around 50% in the United States ( 3 ) and 39.7% in China ( 4 ). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, characterized by low propensity of hypoglycemia and weight neutrality, have gradually become an important class in the

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Lili Liu Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Zhuo Shao Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China

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Ying Xia Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Jiabi Qin Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Yang Xiao Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Zhiguang Zhou Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Zubing Mei Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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. Incretin-based drugs, including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, may offer an opportunity to avoid these side effects. Theoretically, GLP-1 RAs are structurally and functionally similar to

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Shenghe Luo College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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Yunhui Zuo Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Xiaotian Cui Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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Meiping Zhang Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Honghua Jin Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Lan Hong Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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, liraglutide: GLP-1R agonist, 3.2 nmol/L; Exendin9-39: GLP-1R antagonist, 0.3 nmol/L. WT, WT (wild-type) mouse + saline (30 μg/kg); WT + Li, WT mouse + liraglutide (30 μg/kg); DPP-4 −/− , DPP-4 −/− mouse (inhibiting consumption of endogenous GLP-1) + saline

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Zhenyu Liu Department of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China

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Huixi Kong Department of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian District, Beijing, China

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Baoyu Zhang Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China

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: those that increase insulin secretion and those that rely on other mechanisms. The former drugs mainly include sulfonylureas, meglitinides, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), whereas the latter drugs that lower blood sugar through other

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Lizhi Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Department of Endocrinology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jinwei He Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Xiang Sun Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China

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Dongyue Pang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jingjing Hu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Bo Feng Department of Endocrinology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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). Some drugs commonly used to regulate blood sugar, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), can inhibit bone resorption and improve bone formation ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). GLP-1 is a DPP-4 substrate

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Giuseppe Lisco Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Anna De Tullio Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Olga Disoteo Diabetology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy

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Giuseppina Piazzolla Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Edoardo Guastamacchia Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Carlo Sabbà Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Vincenzo De Geronimo Unit of Endocrinology, Policlinico Morgagni CCD, Catania, Italy

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Rome, Italy

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Vincenzo Triggiani Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Z & You Z . DPP4 gene silencing inhibits proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells through suppression of the MAPK pathway . Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 2021 44 1609 – 1623 . ( https

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Jothydev Kesavadev Jothydev’s Diabetes Research Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

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Pradeep Babu Sadasivan Pillai Jothydev’s Diabetes Research Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

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Arun Shankar Jothydev’s Diabetes Research Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

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Gopika Krishnan Jothydev’s Diabetes Research Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

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Sunitha Jothydev Jothydev’s Diabetes Research Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

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, many patients will eventually require to be shifted to another class of oral antidiabetic agents or insulin therapy ( 2 , 3 ). DPP-4 inhibitors are a class of oral antidiabetic drugs which enhance the function of endogenous incretin and help with

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Merlin C Thomas Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

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Brendon L Neuen The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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Stephen M Twigg The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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Mark E Cooper Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

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Sunil V Badve The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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with T2D from two commercial and Medicare databases in the USA (2014–2019) – compared empagliflozin therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1 RA) therapy, with a CV composite primary outcome

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Chun-feng Lu Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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Wang-shu Liu Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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Xiao-qin Ge Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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Feng Xu Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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statins among the tertiles of ADA levels ( P for trend < 0.05). However, BMI, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), use of insulin secretagogues and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, antihypertensive treatments, lipid profile, BUN level, and Cr level

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