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melanocortin receptors, MC3R and MC4R, with MC4R being the primary receptor mediating the metabolic action of melanocortins ( 28 , 29 ). On the other hand, the orexigenic AgRP and NPY peptides – both produced in AgRP neurons – increase food intake and decrease
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neurons: the first type expresses the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP); the second type expresses the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine-amphetamine-related transcript (CART). Both these neuron types
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: GAATCTCGGCATCTTCCAGG Npy F: GACAGAGATATGGCAAGAGATCC NM_012614.2 148 R: CTAGGAAAAGTCAGGAGAGCAAG Agrp F: CCATATAAGCTCAGGGCACAAG NM_033650.1 93 R: GACACAGCTCAGCAACATTG Pmch F: ATTCTCCCCACATTCTCTTCG NM_012625
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marker for diagnosing T2D. Higher concentrations of uridine promote appetite and modulate ingestion behavior by stimulating agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide Y (AgRP/NPY) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. This induces higher caloric intake
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facilitate homeostatic regulation of GnRH pulses. Higher neuronal centres, such as the suprachiasmatic nucleus as well as proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)/Agouti-related protein (AgRP), feed into this circuitry. Peripheral hormones and
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