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Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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evidenced by an elevation in markers of unfolded protein response activation in the liver ( 6 ). Chemical chaperones that reduced ER stress, such as 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) and taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), have been used in rodent
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thyrotropic hormone was prepared by dissolving 10 μg of TSH in double distilled water to a final concentration of 5 mIU/L. Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) was obtained from MERCK (Beijing, China). Western blot reagents were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology
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protein folding, and modulate the UPR signaling pathway. These processes may provide targets for future drug candidates such as chemical chaperone molecules 4-phenylbutyric acid and taurine-deoxycholic acid to promote correct protein folding and cellular