Sun Fei
Sun Fei
Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Min Liu
Min Liu
Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Hu Shanshan
Hu Shanshan
Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Ruijie Xie
Ruijie Xie
Department of Microsurgery, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Wu Danni
Wu Danni
Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Zhou Ningying
Zhou Ningying
Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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depression are not yet unified ( 10 ). Obesity promotes an increased risk of cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases, which may depend on abdominal fat and its function ( 11 ). Currently, most studies use body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to
Silan Zheng
Silan Zheng
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Meifeng Tong
Meifeng Tong
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Lianqin Dong
Lianqin Dong
The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Chunmin Du
Chunmin Du
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xin Zheng
Xin Zheng
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Liying Wang
Liying Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Peiying Huang
Peiying Huang
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Wei Liu
Wei Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Mingzhu Lin
Mingzhu Lin
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Changqin Liu
Changqin Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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. Previous studies indicated that waist circumference (WC) ( 11 ) and BMI ( 12 ) are useful predictive factors for risk of NAFLD. Recently, different metabolic indices combining both anthropometric and lipid measures have been used as a valuable indicator of
Alessandro Ciresi
Alessandro Ciresi
Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Stefano Radellini
Stefano Radellini
Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Valentina Guarnotta
Valentina Guarnotta
Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Maria Grazia Mineo
Maria Grazia Mineo
Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Carla Giordano
Carla Giordano
Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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to 0.030–0.032 mg/kg from month 18 to 24 in order to achieve the above-mentioned targets. Study protocol In all children at baseline, we measured body height (expressed as s.d. ), BMI s.d. and waist circumference (WC). GH secretion was
Ying Hua
Ying Hua
Department of Administrative Office, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Jinqiong Fang
Jinqiong Fang
Department of Administrative Office, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xiaocong Yao
Xiaocong Yao
Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhongxin Zhu
Zhongxin Zhu
Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Department of Clinical Research Center, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Department of Clinical Research Center, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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on bone health, more recent research has revealed a positive association between obesity and bone fractures ( 6 ). Waist circumference (WC), which is an easy-to-determine clinical parameter, has been proposed to assess central obesity in
Ahmet Uçar
Ahmet Uçar
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Nurçin Saka
Nurçin Saka
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Firdevs Baş
Firdevs Baş
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Nihal Hatipoğlu
Nihal Hatipoğlu
Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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Rüveyde Bundak
Rüveyde Bundak
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Feyza Darendeliler
Feyza Darendeliler
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waist circumference (WC) as reliable indices of adiposity are excluded, as these are well-established risk factors for atherosclerosis in non-PA children as well. In order to test our hypothesis, we carried out a cross-sectional study by evaluating girls
Eliana Piantanida
Eliana Piantanida
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Daniela Gallo
Daniela Gallo
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Giovanni Veronesi
Giovanni Veronesi
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Eugenia Dozio
Eugenia Dozio
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Eugenia Trotti
Eugenia Trotti
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Adriana Lai
Adriana Lai
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Silvia Ippolito
Silvia Ippolito
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Jessica Sabatino
Jessica Sabatino
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Maria Laura Tanda
Maria Laura Tanda
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Antonio Toniolo
Antonio Toniolo
Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Marco Ferrario
Marco Ferrario
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Luigi Bartalena
Luigi Bartalena
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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classified as follows: grade I obesity for BMI 30–34.99 kg/m 2 , grade II obesity 35–39.99 kg/m 2 and grade III obesity BMI ≥40 kg/m 2 . To identify abdominal distribution of fat, we referred to ethnic group definition for waist circumference (WC) (male ≥94
Xiying Zeng
Xiying Zeng
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Yinxiang Huang
Yinxiang Huang
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Mulin Zhang
Mulin Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Yun Chen
Yun Chen
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Jiawen Ye
Jiawen Ye
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Yan Han
Yan Han
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Danyan Ma
Danyan Ma
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xin Zheng
Xin Zheng
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xiaohong Yan
Xiaohong Yan
Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Changqin Liu
Changqin Liu
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China
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Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China
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. Obesity could be generally divided into general obesity which is commonly evaluated by BMI and central obesity with waist circumference (WC) as the most common measure ( 20 ). Although imaging approaches, such as CT and MRI, are gold standards for
Anru Wang
Anru Wang
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xueqin Yan
Xueqin Yan
Department of Pediatrics, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
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Cai Zhang
Cai Zhang
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Caiqi Du
Caiqi Du
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wenjun Long
Wenjun Long
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Di Zhan
Di Zhan
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Xiaoping Luo
Xiaoping Luo
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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manner ( 5 ). In adults, circulating FGF1 levels are reported to be significantly reduced in obese individuals ( 7 ), but significantly increased in T2DM patients ( 8 ). Serum FGF1 levels were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference (WC
Xiaobing Lu
Xiaobing Lu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Jiang Yue
Jiang Yue
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Qianjing Liu
Qianjing Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Shengyun He
Shengyun He
Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ying Dong
Ying Dong
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ming Zhang
Ming Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yicheng Qi
Yicheng Qi
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Minglan Yang
Minglan Yang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang Zhang
Wang Zhang
Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Hua Xu
Hua Xu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Qing Lu
Qing Lu
Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Jing Ma
Jing Ma
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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body weight and height of each subject were measured to the nearest 0.1 kg and 0.1 cm, respectively. BMI was calculated as weight divided by height squared (kg/m 2 ). Abdominal waist circumference (WC) was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm midway between
Yunyi Ding
Yunyi Ding
Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Siyao Lv
Siyao Lv
Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Ruijie Xie
Ruijie Xie
Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wei Ye
Wei Ye
Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Yichen Luo
Yichen Luo
School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yayu Li
Yayu Li
Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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assess obesity. Currently, commonly used body fat indices for clinical assessment of obesity include waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ( 18 , 19 , 20 ). Studies have found that
