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, liver function tests (aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and albumin), and urine analysis. Thyroid ultrasound is of great importance in the assessment of patients with hyperthyroidism. In GD patients, it shows increased vascular flow
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). Pubertal status was assessed according to Tanner staging ( 17 , 18 ). At the onset of GD, clinical symptoms, accompanying diseases, presence of ophthalmopathy, and, if available, thyroid ultrasound results were recorded. The presence of goitre was
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Srobarova, Prague, Czech Republic
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Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
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Objective
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) generally experience a higher incidence of cancer. However, the association between T2DM and thyroid cancer is inconclusive.
Methods
Case-control prospective study, where 722 patients were screened for T2DM and prediabetes (PDM) and underwent thyroid ultrasound and biochemical tests. The patients were assigned to groups of PDM (n = 55), T2DM (n = 79) or a non-diabetes group (NDM) (n = 588). Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was carried out in 263 patients. Histological examinations were done for 109 patients after surgery, with findings of 52 benign (BS) and 57 malignant tumors (MS).
Results
Thirty-three percent of patients with T2DM and especially PDM were newly diagnosed by our screening: 6.5% with T2DM and 72% with PDM, respectively. The percentage of thyroid cancers did not significantly differ between the groups (χ2 test = 0.461; P = 0.794). Relevant positive thyroid predictors for T2DM (t-statistic = 25.87; P < 0.01) and PDM (21.69; P < 0.01) contrary to NDM (−26.9; P < 0.01) were thyroid volume (4.79; P < 0.01), thyroid nodule volume (3.25; P < 0.01) and multinodular thyroid gland (4.83; P < 0.01), while negative relevant predictors included the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) (−2.01; P < 0.05).
Conclusion
In general, we did not observe an increased risk for thyroid cancer in the diabetic and prediabetic groups in comparison to controls, in spite of well-established increased risk for other malignancies. Structural and benign changes such as larger and multinodular thyroid glands, in comparison to autoimmune thyroid disease, are present more often in diabetics.
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UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine
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either symptomatic thyroid nodules or incidentally discovered thyroid nodules. The same expert thyroid ultrasound operator with more than a decade of thyroid-specific experience from University clinics evaluated 221 thyroid nodules. None of the patients
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sensitivity was evaluated with QUICKI = 1/(log( I 0 ) + log( G 0 )), where I 0 is the fasting insulin and G 0 is the fasting glucose ( 12 ). A thyroid ultrasound was performed in all subjects. Therapy with l -T4 was discontinued within 2 weeks, halving
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), antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid ultrasound were performed in all participants. The healthy control subjects were defined based on the following criteria: serum levels of FT3, FT4 and TSH were in the normal ranges (FT3: 2.63–5.71 pmol/L; FT4: 9
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Introduction Subacute thyroiditis (ST), also called subacute granulomatous or de Quervain’s thyroiditis, is a transient inflammatory thyroid disease ( 1 , 2 ). The diagnosis of ST is based on medical history, physical examination, thyroid
Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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, heart failure, arrhythmia, DM, dyslipidemia, colonic polyps, thyroid nodules, and spinal fractures. Patients without a history of these comorbidities were referred for sleep study evaluation, echocardiogram (ECHO), colonoscopy, thyroid ultrasound – if a
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population. Participants that had thyroid ultrasound results and complete clinical data were included in this study. The exclusion criteria included a history of thyroid disease other than TN, a history of radiotherapy or surgery on the head and neck, a
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/mL, reference range: 0.00–60.00 IU/mL) and typical heterogeneous hypoechoic patterns on thyroid ultrasound ( 15 ). Exclusion criteria included subjects with systemic inflammatory diseases, cancer, metal implants, or claustrophobia and individuals who were
