Ling Hu
Ling Hu
Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Ting Li
Ting Li
Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Xiao-Ling Yin
Xiao-Ling Yin
Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Yi Zou
Yi Zou
Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Introduction Both solitary and multiple thyroid nodules (TN) are very commonly seen in clinical practice; this is important, because thyroid cancer occurs in approximately 5% of these nodules ( 1 ). Thyroid nodules can also indicate thyroid
Ya Zhang
Ya Zhang
Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Xiaoqiu Chu
Xiaoqiu Chu
Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Yuling Liu
Yuling Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
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Yueting Zhao
Yueting Zhao
Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Xue Han
Xue Han
Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Xin Hu
Xin Hu
Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Pingping Xiang
Pingping Xiang
Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Treatment of Yingbing (Thyroid Disease) of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Treatment of Yingbing (Thyroid Disease) of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Guofang Chen
Guofang Chen
Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Treatment of Yingbing (Thyroid Disease) of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Treatment of Yingbing (Thyroid Disease) of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Chao Liu
Chao Liu
Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Treatment of Yingbing (Thyroid Disease) of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Treatment of Yingbing (Thyroid Disease) of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Shuhang Xu
Shuhang Xu
Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Introduction The incidence of thyroid nodules is increasing annually. Surgery is a preferred management for thyroid nodules, although it has limitations like longer surgical incision, permanent postoperative scars, risk of complications, and
W J Bom
W J Bom
Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
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F B M Joosten
F B M Joosten
Department of Radiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
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M M G J van Borren
M M G J van Borren
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
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E P Bom
E P Bom
Department of Radiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
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R R J P van Eekeren
R R J P van Eekeren
Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
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H de Boer
H de Boer
Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
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Introduction About 10% of the population has a benign non-functioning thyroid nodule (NFTN) of 1 cm or larger ( 1 ), and 4–7% of these nodules are symptomatic ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). Unilateral lobectomy and volume reduction by radioiodine (RAI) have
Olav Inge Håskjold
Olav Inge Håskjold
Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Henrik Stenestø Foshaug
Henrik Stenestø Foshaug
UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine
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Therese Benedikte Iversen
Therese Benedikte Iversen
Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Harstad, Norway
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Helga Charlotte Kjøren
Helga Charlotte Kjøren
Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Harstad, Norway
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Vegard Heimly Brun
Vegard Heimly Brun
Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine
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UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine
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to exclude malignancy, according to the European database EUROCRINE ( www.eurocrine.eu ). In most of these cases, the final histology is benign, indicating overdiagnosis and overtreatment of thyroid nodules ( 1 , 2 ). In order to reduce
Dongyan Han
Dongyan Han
Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Min Ding
Min Ding
Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Rongli Xie
Rongli Xie
Department of General Surgery, RuiJin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhengshi Wang
Zhengshi Wang
Thyroid Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Guohui Xiao
Guohui Xiao
Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xiaohong Wang
Xiaohong Wang
Shanghai Rigen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China
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Lei Dong
Lei Dong
Department of Pathology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhiqiang Yin
Zhiqiang Yin
Thyroid Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jian Fei
Jian Fei
Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Introduction Thyroid nodules are common in the general population and are detected in up to 50–65% of healthy individuals; about 95% are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on physical examinations or imaging studies performed for reasons
Helle Døssing
Helle Døssing
Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Finn Noe Bennedbæk
Finn Noe Bennedbæk
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Laszlo Hegedüs
Laszlo Hegedüs
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Introduction Thyroid nodules are common in the adult population and according to several studies 15–30% of thyroid nodules are cystic or predominantly cystic ( 1 ). The incidence of thyroid cancer in cystic nodules is low and comparable or
Yun Hu
Yun Hu
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Na Li
Na Li
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Peng Jiang
Peng Jiang
Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Liang Cheng
Liang Cheng
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Bo Ding
Bo Ding
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Xiao-Mei Liu
Xiao-Mei Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Ke He
Ke He
Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
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Yun-Qing Zhu
Yun-Qing Zhu
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Bing-li Liu
Bing-li Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Xin Cao
Xin Cao
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Hong Zhou
Hong Zhou
Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Xiao-Ming Mao
Xiao-Ming Mao
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Introduction Thyroid nodules are very common; up to 65% of the general population have at least one thyroid nodule ( 1 ), but most of them have no symptoms, and life expectancy is not affected ( 2 ). Recent studies have focused mainly on the
Barbora Pekova
Barbora Pekova
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague 1, Czech Republic
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Sarka Dvorakova
Sarka Dvorakova
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague 1, Czech Republic
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Vlasta Sykorova
Vlasta Sykorova
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague 1, Czech Republic
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Gabriela Vacinova
Gabriela Vacinova
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague 1, Czech Republic
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Eliska Vaclavikova
Eliska Vaclavikova
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague 1, Czech Republic
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Jitka Moravcova
Jitka Moravcova
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague 1, Czech Republic
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Rami Katra
Rami Katra
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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Petr Vlcek
Petr Vlcek
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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Pavla Sykorova
Pavla Sykorova
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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Daniela Kodetova
Daniela Kodetova
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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Josef Vcelak
Josef Vcelak
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague 1, Czech Republic
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Bela Bendlova
Bela Bendlova
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague 1, Czech Republic
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Introduction Thyroid nodules affect around 1% of the pediatric population. The incidence has been steadily increasing over the last decades, by approximately 1.1% per year worldwide ( 1 , 2 ). Possible reasons for this increase are
Zhenzhen Wang
Zhenzhen Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Xiangying Zhu
Xiangying Zhu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Xiaohui Yu
Xiaohui Yu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Haixia Guan
Haixia Guan
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Lei Zhao
Lei Zhao
Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Yixia Zhang
Yixia Zhang
Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Yuge Li
Yuge Li
Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Liang Sang
Liang Sang
Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Yuchen Han
Yuchen Han
Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yushu Li
Yushu Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhongyan Shan
Zhongyan Shan
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Weiping Teng
Weiping Teng
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Introduction Nodular thyroid disease is common in endocrine practice. In iodine-sufficient areas, the thyroid nodule detection rate, as determined by palpation, is 5% in women and 1% in men ( 1 , 2 ), whereas the detection rate, as determined
Lei Hu
Lei Hu
Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Xiao Liu
Xiao Liu
Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Chong Pei
Chong Pei
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Hefei City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Li Xie
Li Xie
Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Nianan He
Nianan He
Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Introduction Thyroid nodules (TNs) are a common endocrine disease in China ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). It is estimated that 7–15% of TNs are thyroid cancer. Ultrasound (US) is useful not only for detection but also for discrimination between benign and
