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Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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PHPT ( 8 ). Another potential contributor to hypercalcaemia in patients with probable PHPT is thiazide diuretic use, although recent reports suggest the impact to be minimal and paradoxically thiazides may even reduce blood PTH concentrations ( 9
Department of Nephrology & Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Renal Division, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Introduction Gitelman syndrome (GS, OMIM263800) is a recessively inherited salt-losing tubulopathy caused by mutations of SLC12A3 gene, which encodes the thiazide-sensitive human Na–Cl co-transporter (hNCC NM_000339.2; OMIM 600968) ( 1 , 2
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Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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levels (e.g. Paget's disease) should be excluded. Finally, the use of medications which might affect PTH levels or calcium metabolism (estrogens, thiazide diuretics, lithium, bisphosphonates, denosumab and anticonvulsants) should also be ruled out (4
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different rates of complications. Thiazide diuretics reduce urinary calcium excretion and can be used as adjunctive therapy, although high salt intake may override the potential benefits of these agents on urinary calcium ( 8 ). If thiazides are used
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malignancy Less common causes include Thiazide diuretics Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia Non-malignant granulomatous disease Thyrotoxicosis Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Hypervitaminosis D Rhabdomyolysis Lithium Immobilisation
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–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activation and normal blood pressure ( 1 ). In most cases, GS results from loss-of-function mutations in the SLC12A3 gene, which consists of 26 exons and encodes the thiazide-sensitive NaCl co-transporter (NCC) protein (NM_000339.2; OMIM
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, España
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Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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.4) 13 (16.3) 0.551 Diuretics, n (%) 34 (30.4) 8 (25) 26 (32.5) 0.435 Loop diuretic, n (%) 24 (21.4) 6 (18.8) 18 (22.5) 0.662 Thiazide, n (%) Thiazide + amiloride, n (%) 11 (9.8) 2 (1.8) 2 (6.3) 0 (0
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hypokalemia. Finally, hypomagnesemia is very important. More than 50% of clinically significant hypokalemia has concomitant magnesium deficiency and is clinically most frequently observed in individuals receiving loop or thiazide diuretic therapy. Concomitant
Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore Filière de Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, Paris, France
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, UMRS1138, Paris, France
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Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1185, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d’Endocrinologie et Diabète de l’Enfant, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore et Filière de Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, Hôpital Bicêtre Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore Filière de Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, Paris, France
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151 – CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
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Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaires, Paris, France
INSERM, U1169, Université Paris Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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INSERM, U1418, CIC-EC, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
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of alfacalcidol over calcitriol and Ca salts ( Table 3 ). The percentages of ePatients and Épi-Hypo 2019 patients treated with Ca salts, active vitamin D, and thiazide diuretics were similar. Native vitamin D (native vitamin D) (40.9% vs. 55.1%) and
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related to urolithiasis, such as diet, fluid intake, smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and use of thiazide ( 29 , 30 , 31 ), were not analyzed in this study. Thirdly, we did not use dual-energy CT in this study; thus, further studies are warranted to