Róża Aleksandrowicz
Róża Aleksandrowicz
Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Bialystok, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Marek Strączkowski
Marek Strączkowski
Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Bialystok, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Introduction Skeletal muscle is a tissue mainly composed of muscle fibers, which form multinucleated contractile cells. It accounts for approximately 30% of women's body weight and 40% of men's body weight and is essential for locomotion
Yuka Goto
Yuka Goto
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yoshie Otsuka
Yoshie Otsuka
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kenji Ashida
Kenji Ashida
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ayako Nagayama
Ayako Nagayama
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Nao Hasuzawa
Nao Hasuzawa
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shimpei Iwata
Shimpei Iwata
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kento Hara
Kento Hara
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Munehisa Tsuruta
Munehisa Tsuruta
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Nobuhiko Wada
Nobuhiko Wada
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Seiichi Motomura
Seiichi Motomura
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Kurume Medical Center, Kokubu-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Kurume Medical Center, Kokubu-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yuji Tajiri
Yuji Tajiri
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Kurume Medical Center, Kokubu-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Kurume Medical Center, Kokubu-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Masatoshi Nomura
Masatoshi Nomura
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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early morning after an 8-h fast. The urinary glucose levels were examined along with the urinary volume of the day and calculated as the excreted amount per day. The amounts of skeletal muscle and body fat and their distributions were analyzed before and
Selina Mäkinen
Selina Mäkinen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Yen H Nguyen
Yen H Nguyen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Paulina Skrobuk
Paulina Skrobuk
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Heikki A Koistinen
Heikki A Koistinen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Introduction Excess dietary fat and sedentary lifestyle predispose to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. As skeletal muscle accounts for 80% of glucose disposal under insulin-stimulated conditions ( 1 , 2 ), it is an important target
Nicolai Preisler
Nicolai Preisler
Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pascal Laforêt
Pascal Laforêt
Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Karen Lindhardt Madsen
Karen Lindhardt Madsen
Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Edith Husu
Edith Husu
Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Christoffer Rasmus Vissing
Christoffer Rasmus Vissing
Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gitte Hedermann
Gitte Hedermann
Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Henrik Galbo
Henrik Galbo
Department of Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Christopher Lindberg
Christopher Lindberg
Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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John Vissing
John Vissing
Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pompe disease, morbidity and mortality are mainly caused by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting ( 2 ). Even though treatment with recombinant acid alpha-glucosidase improves walking distance and lung function, and slows down disease
Melissa Braga
Melissa Braga
Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zena Simmons
Zena Simmons
Department of Health & Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Keith C Norris
Keith C Norris
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Monica G Ferrini
Monica G Ferrini
Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Health & Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Department of Health & Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Jorge N Artaza
Jorge N Artaza
Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Health & Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Department of Health & Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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level there is also evidence of VDR expression and direct effects of vitamin D on human skeletal muscle precursor cells ( 7 ), which provides a rationale for a direct role of vitamin D in muscle function. Furthermore, mice lacking VDR show an abnormal
Selina Mäkinen
Selina Mäkinen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Neeta Datta
Neeta Datta
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Yen H Nguyen
Yen H Nguyen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Petro Kyrylenko
Petro Kyrylenko
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Markku Laakso
Markku Laakso
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Heikki A Koistinen
Heikki A Koistinen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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, which enables these to diffuse non-selectively into non-hepatic tissues such as skeletal muscle ( 11 ). This idea is supported by the PRIMO-study, which showed hydrophilic statins, such as pravastatin, causing less myalgia, whereas highly lipophilic
Xiaobing Lu
Xiaobing Lu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Jiang Yue
Jiang Yue
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Qianjing Liu
Qianjing Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Shengyun He
Shengyun He
Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ying Dong
Ying Dong
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ming Zhang
Ming Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yicheng Qi
Yicheng Qi
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Minglan Yang
Minglan Yang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang Zhang
Wang Zhang
Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Hua Xu
Hua Xu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Qing Lu
Qing Lu
Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Jing Ma
Jing Ma
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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/obese subjects is associated with glucose regulation ( 5 ). Furthermore, we found that the presence of fat within the liver was an independent risk factor for impaired glucose regulation (IGR) ( 5 ). Other than fat, skeletal muscle also plays a key role in
Yang Yu
Yang Yu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Hairong Hao
Hairong Hao
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Linghui Kong
Linghui Kong
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Jie Zhang
Jie Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Feng Bai
Feng Bai
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Fei Guo
Fei Guo
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Pan Wei
Pan Wei
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Rui Chen
Rui Chen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Wen Hu
Wen Hu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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synthesized normally in the body and must be obtained through exogenous pathways ( 1 ) and which act on metabolic signalling pathways in direct and indirect ways. BCAA is mainly metabolized in skeletal muscle, accounting for approximately 35% of the essential
Wenjun Long
Wenjun Long
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Tuo Zhou
Tuo Zhou
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Xiuping Xuan
Xiuping Xuan
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Qiuli Cao
Qiuli Cao
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Zuojie Luo
Zuojie Luo
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Yingfen Qin
Yingfen Qin
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Qin Ning
Qin Ning
Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Xiaoping Luo
Xiaoping Luo
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Xuemei Xie
Xuemei Xie
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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-IUGR, characterized by nutrition insults in early life. However, currently, the role of LRP6-mediated Wnt signaling in the insulin resistance of CG-IUGR is unknown. Under normal circumstances, skeletal muscle is one of the most critical organs for maintaining
Jing Li
Jing Li
School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Xuejie Yi
Xuejie Yi
Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Tao Li
Tao Li
Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Tingting Yao
Tingting Yao
School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Dongyang Li
Dongyang Li
Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Guangxuan Hu
Guangxuan Hu
Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Yongqi Ma
Yongqi Ma
Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Bo Chang
Bo Chang
Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Shicheng Cao
Shicheng Cao
Department of Sports Medicine, School of Public and Basic Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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into a new type of adipocytes, beige adipocytes ( 2 , 3 ), which have a similar thermogenic function to that of BAT. Increased thermogenesis in skeletal muscle caused by exercise is related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co
