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Jeonghoon Ha Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Jeongmin Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Kwanhoon Jo Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Dong-Jun Lim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Moo Il Kang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Bong Yun Cha Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Min-Hee Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) or anti-thyroglobulin antibody ( 11 , 12 ). The higher incidence of thyroid autoantibodies in women is reported to account for their higher incidence of thyroid disease ( 9 , 13 ). However, other sex-specific risk factors for SCH

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0023
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Open access
Sanna Mustaniemi Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Marja Vääräsmäki Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Johan G Eriksson Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland

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Mika Gissler Information Services Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Hannele Laivuori Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Hilkka Ijäs Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Aini Bloigu PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Eero Kajantie Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Laure Morin-Papunen PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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conditions ( 8 , 9 ). GDM and PCOS can be early signs of an increased risk of manifest diseases related to insulin resistance, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), and both disorders are also connected with cardiovascular risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0076
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 7
Open access
Siphiwe N Dlamini SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa

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Zané Lombard Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Lisa K Micklesfield SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Nigel Crowther Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Shane A Norris SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Tracy Snyman Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Andrew A Crawford Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Brian R Walker BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Institute of Genetic Medicine to Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Julia H Goedecke SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa

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components, and related cardiometabolic risk factors, including measures of obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). Cortisol may not be the only glucocorticoid involved in metabolic syndrome as humans also produce

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0195
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 8
Open access
Guang-Ran Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Dongmei Li Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA

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Zidian Xie Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA

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patients aged over 40-year-old had DR ( https://www.aao.org/ppp. Accessed 15 September 2020). Every year, about 23,000 patients had permanent blindness caused by DM, and their average medical expense was about USD 500 million ( 2 ). Multiple risk factors

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0172
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 7
Open access
Julia Kubiak Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

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Per Medbøe Thorsby Department of Medical Biochemistry, Per Medbøe Thorsby, Hormone Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Norway

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Elena Kamycheva Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway

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Rolf Jorde Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway

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processes ( 1 ). Low serum 25(OH)D levels have additionally been related to numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and their risk factors ( 2 ). Thus, a meta-analysis of 19 prospective studies focusing on the relation between vitamin D

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0144
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 6
Open access
Agnieszka Adamska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Vitalii Ulychnyi Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Katarzyna Siewko Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Anna Popławska-Kita Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Małgorzata Szelachowska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Marcin Adamski Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland

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Angelika Buczyńska Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Adam Jacek Krętowski Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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patient evaluation including comorbidities and life expectancy is essential to reach treatment decisions ( 11 ). The classic cardiovascular risk factors are obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), prediabetes (PD), hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0074
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 9
Open access
Xiaoli Liu Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China

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Lanxiang Liu Department of Medical Imaging, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China

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Rui Wang Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China

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Xiaojiao Jia Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China

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Binbin Liu Department of Functional Examination, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China

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Ning Ma Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China

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Qiang Lu Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China

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present study, the baPWV, ABI, and FGF21 were used to evaluate early arteriosclerosis in order to research the specific risk factors. Materials and methods Study population This was a retrospective study. The participants included in this study

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0202
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 6
Open access
Wei Sun Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Boyuan Zheng Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Zhihong Wang Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Wenwu Dong Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Yuan Qin Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Hao Zhang Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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, treatment options for contralateral central lymph node compartments should be considered carefully to balance the risks and benefits of PCLND. However, although risk factors have been identified for patients with cN0 disease, the results were inconsistent

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0058
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 5
Open access
Philippe Jean-Luc Gradidge Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Nicole G Jaff Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Shane A Norris SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

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Marketa Toman Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Nigel J Crowther Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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whether a negative relationship exists between gluteofemoral fat and CMD risk factors and whether serum adiponectin levels are positively correlated with this fat depot. A further aim was to determine if any association of gluteofemoral and visceral fat

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0156
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Chenjia Tang Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

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Yanting Dong Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology, Suichang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, China

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Lusi Lu Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

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Nan Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

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’s symptoms are relieved ( 8 , 11 ). The incidence of hypothyroidism after treatment is 5–27% ( 12 , 13 ), and the incidence of recurrence ranges from 1.6–20% ( 14 , 15 ). Many scholars have explored the risk factors for recurrence and hypothyroidism in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0212
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 8
Open access