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Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
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German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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measurements, as done in most epidemiological research settings, are stable over time and not affected by biological variability ( 14 ). So far, the reliability of chemerin as biomarker in human research has not been evaluated. To fill this gap, we aimed to
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of the present study was evaluating the interobserver reliability in the application of the main thyroid nodule US classification systems. Few attempts have been made to demonstrate whether or not these systems do allow a more reproducible
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validated in different languages ( 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 ) and a shorter version called ThyPRO-39 was developed ( 9 ). So far, the ThyPRO-39 has not been validated in the German language. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the
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Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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source for knowledge on various health topics. However, the unrestricted nature of this platform poses significant challenges, with concerns about the accuracy, quality, and reliability of health information presented in YouTube® videos ( 1 ). Among
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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also necessary to physiologically or biologically validate the immunoassay used for faecal hormone measurements to test the reliability of the results found ( 21 , 22 ). In order to evaluate the biological reliability of FCM levels assessment obtained
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Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
QualityMetric Incorporated, LLC, Johnston, Rhode Island, USA
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one of the distribution-based methods to determine MIC ( 10 ). The Reliable Change Index is based on the standard error of measurement ( s.e.m. ) for the score of each patient, which is derived from the standard deviation and reliability. This method
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Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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measure. We tested reliability by measuring Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, of which the preferred level is >0.7 ( 20 ). Additionally convergent and discriminant validity were examined by calculating Spearman’s correlations between the scales and the items
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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders. The aim of this study was to find the correlation between color Doppler ultrasound and serum tests as auxiliary diagnostic criteria in areas where there is no possibility of some tests. A total of 108 patients were enrolled. They were divided into three groups including patients with PCOS, patients with PCOA ultrasound, patients with ovaries and normal hormone tests. Transvaginal sonography was performed from three groups and the results were evaluated in gray scale. The volume of the ovary, the number of follicles and the placement of follicles were recorded using using Doppler spectrum of uterine artery and ovarian stroma. Their arterial resistance index was also calculated. In the next step, serum samples were evaluated to determine the level of LH, FSH, free testosterone, DHEAS and 17-OHP hormones in the early follicular phase. Gray scale ultrasonographic findings (volume and number of ovarian follicles) as well as LH values were higher in patients with PCOS than those in the other two groups. These results proved the reliability of using these factors in the prediction of PCOS. In this study, Doppler indexes did not correlate with the size of the ovaries, the number of ovarian follicles and the measured hormone levels. The findings of transvaginal ultrasound and investigating the relationship with clinical and laboratory outcomes, a more suitable pattern could be chosen for more accurate patient selection and, leading to timely treatment and reducing the complications of the disease.
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Background
Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is potentially life-threatening, and accurate diagnosis is crucial. The first-line diagnostic test, the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, measures serum total cortisol. However, this is affected in states of altered albumin or cortisol-binding globulin levels, limiting reliability. Salivary cortisol reflects free bioactive cortisol levels and is a promising alternative. However, few studies are available, and heterogenous methodologies limit applicability.
Methods
This study prospectively recruited 42 outpatients undergoing evaluation for AI, excluding participants with altered cortisol-binding states. Serum (immunoassay) and salivary (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) cortisol levels were sampled at baseline, 30 min, and 60 min following 250 µg synacthen administration. AI was defined as a peak serum cortisol level <500 nmol/L in accordance with guidelines.
Results
The study recruited 21 (50%) participants with AI and 21 without AI. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, blood pressure, or sodium levels between groups. Following synacthen stimulation, serum and salivary cortisol levels showed good correlation at all timepoints (R 2 = 0.74, P < 0.001), at peak levels (R 2 = 0.72, P < 0.001), and at 60 min (R 2 = 0.72, P < 0.001). A salivary cortisol cut-off of 16.0 nmol/L had a sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 76.2% for the diagnosis of AI.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates a good correlation between serum and salivary cortisol levels during the 250 µg synacthen test. A peak salivary cortisol cut-off of 16.0 nmol/L can be used for the diagnosis of AI. It is a less invasive alternative to evaluate patients with suspected AI. Its potential utility in the diagnosis of AI in patients with altered cortisol-binding states should be further studied.
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UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine
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-rater reliability and variation in the malignancy risk associated with each category ( 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ). FNC by ultrasound guidance is the required standard for thyroid nodule cytology, in contrast to FNC guided by palpation. Although US is accepted as
