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Jes Sloth Mathiesen Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Jens Peter Kroustrup Department of Clinical Medicine and Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Vestergaard Department of Clinical Medicine and Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Kirstine Stochholm Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Center for Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark

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Per Løgstrup Poulsen Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Sten Schytte Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Stefano Christian Londero Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Henrik Baymler Pedersen Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Christoffer Holst Hahn Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Bjarki Ditlev Djurhuus Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark

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Jens Bentzen Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Sören Möller Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Mette Gaustadnes Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Maria Rossing Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Finn Cilius Nielsen Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Kim Brixen Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Anja Lisbeth Frederiksen Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Christian Godballe Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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the Danish Thyroid Cancer Group (DATHYRCA)
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. Additionally, we describe prevalence changes over time. Patients and methods Patients This retrospective cohort study included 474 unique patients diagnosed with MTC in Denmark between January 1, 1960 and December 31, 2014. Of these, 356 were

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Marloes Emous Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands

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Merel van den Broek Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands

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Ragnhild B Wijma Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands

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Loek J M de Heide Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands

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Gertjan van Dijk GELIFES-Neurobiology, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Anke Laskewitz Certe Laboratories, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands

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Erik Totté Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands

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Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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André P van Beek Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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, which may even result in coma ( 4 , 5 , 6 ). Studies have observed prevalence rates after primary gastric bypass surgery of 12% when assessed by means of questionnaires and up to 75% when assessed by continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMSs) ( 7

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Rasha Odeh Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

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Abeer Alassaf Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

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Lubna Gharaibeh School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

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Sarah Ibrahim Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

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Fareed Khdair Ahmad Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

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Kamel Ajlouni The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

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Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an immune-mediated disease that is known to be associated with other autoimmune conditions, most commonly thyroiditis and celiac disease (CD). While the prevalence of CD in the general population

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Jeonghoon Ha Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Jeongmin Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Kwanhoon Jo Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Dong-Jun Lim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Moo Il Kang Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Bong Yun Cha Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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Min-Hee Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

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cases, thyroid hormone replacement can be considered in pregnant patients who have TSH persistently >10 µIU/mL, associated symptoms or are at high risk of overt hypothyroidism ( 2 , 3 ). SCH is frequently detected in the population with a prevalence of

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Nella Augusta Greggio Endocrinology and Adolescence Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Elisa Rossi CINECA – Interuniversity Consortium (Health Service), Bologna, Italy

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Silvia Calabria CORE srl – Collaborative Outcome Research, Bologna, Italy

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Alice Meneghin Endocrinology and Adolescence Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Joaquin Gutierrez de Rubalcava Endocrinology and Adolescence Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Carlo Piccinni CORE srl – Collaborative Outcome Research, Bologna, Italy

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Antonella Pedrini CORE srl – Collaborative Outcome Research, Bologna, Italy

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diagnostic testing is still open. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions among general population ranges from 1 to 10%, with higher estimates among women (up to 8 times rather than men) and elderly ( 1 , 2 ). The National Health and Nutrition Examination

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Chunyun Fu Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
Medical Science Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
Department of pathology, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Shiyu Luo Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Yingfeng Li Medical Science Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
Department of pathology, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Qifei Li Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Xuehua Hu Medical Science Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Mengting Li Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Yue Zhang Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Jiasun Su Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Xuyun Hu Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Yun Chen Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Jin Wang Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Bobo Xie Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Jingsi Luo Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Xin Fan Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Shaoke Chen Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China

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Yiping Shen Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children’s Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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reported a CH prevalence of 1:666 (TSH cutoff level 10 IU/L) in East Azerbaijan, Iran ( 4 ), whereas a CH prevalence of 1:2591 (TSH cutoff level 10 IU/L) was reported in the Republic of Macedonia ( 5 ). Two previous studies reported the CH prevalence based

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Fang Lv Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xiaoling Cai Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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Chu Lin Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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Tianpei Hong Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xiaomei Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Zhufeng Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guanganmen Hospital, Beijing, China

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Huifang Xing Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Mentougou Hospital, Beijing, China

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Guizhi Zong Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Jingmei Group General hospital, Beijing, China

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Juming Lu Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xiaohui Guo Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China

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Jing Wu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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Leili Gao Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xianghai Zhou Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xueyao Han Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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Linong Ji Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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Introduction It was well-known that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide. It was reported that 39% of adults aged more than 18 years were overweight, and about 13% of the world’s adult population were obese in 2016

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A V Dreval
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I V Trigolosova
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I V Misnikova
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Y A Kovalyova
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R S Tishenina
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I A Barsukov
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A V Vinogradova
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B H R Wolffenbuttel Moscow Regional Scientific Research Clinical Institute, Department of Endocrinology, 61/2 Shepkina str., 129110 Moscow, Russia

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early carbohydrate metabolism disorders (ECMDs) – defined as IFG, IGT or their combination – its prevalence in patients with acromegaly has been shown to vary between 16 and 46% (3, 4, 5) . While most epidemiological studies have shown the prevalence of

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Leyre Lorente-Poch Endocrine Surgery Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Sílvia Rifà-Terricabras Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Juan José Sancho Endocrine Surgery Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Danilo Torselli-Valladares Endocrine Surgery Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

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Sofia González-Ortiz Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

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Antonio Sitges-Serra Endocrine Surgery Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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as the most common early adverse effect of thyroidectomy, eventually progressing to permanent hypoparathyroidism, a complication requiring life-long medical supervision and treatment. The estimated prevalence of permanent hypoparathyroidism after

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Amit Kumar Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

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Maria Ghosh Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

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Jubbin Jagan Jacob Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

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Introduction Two percent of community-dwelling adults in America have hyponatremia. These rates are more than double among adults over the age of 71 years ( 1 ). In hospitalized patients, the prevalence of hyponatremia is between 15 and 20

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