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Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland

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Łukasz Kluczyński Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Endocrinology Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland

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are the most typical causes of brain injuries. Pituitary dysfunction resulting as a consequence of brain injury is not a new phenomenon – the first article illustrating the matter was published in 1918 ( 8 ). Nowadays, the topic is gaining more and

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Lára Ósk Eggertsdóttir Claessen Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Department of Emergency Medicine, Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

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Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir Physical Activity, Physical Education, Sport, and Health (PAPESH) Research Centre, Sports Science Department, School of Social Sciences, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland

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María Kristín Jónsdóttir Mental Health Services, Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland

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Sigrún Helga Lund deCODE Genetics, Inc/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

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Ingunn Unnsteinsdóttir Kristensen Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland

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Helga Ágústa Sigurjónsdóttir Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Department of Medicine, Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

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( 43 ). The aim of this study was to explore pituitary dysfunction (PD) including HP in female athletes following mTBI in sport and, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first study to do so. Materials and methods Study design and subjects

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H A Booij Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands

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W D C Gaykema Roessingh Rehabilitation Center, Enschede, the Netherlands

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K A J Kuijpers Roessingh Rehabilitation Center, Enschede, the Netherlands

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M J M Pouwels Department of Endocrinology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands

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H M den Hertog Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands

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-prevalence of pituitary dysfunction (PD) with stroke. As the symptomatology of poststroke symptoms such as fatigue and cognitive disturbances overlap with that of PD, the question raises whether there could be a causal relationship. If poststroke PD plays a role

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I M.a.a. van Roessel I van Roessel, Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Prinses Maxima Centrum voor Kinderoncologie, Utrecht, Netherlands

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Je Gorter J Gorter, Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Prinses Maxima Centrum voor Kinderoncologie, Utrecht, Netherlands

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Boudewijn Bakker B Bakker, Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Prinses Maxima Centrum voor Kinderoncologie, Utrecht, Netherlands

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Mm van den Heuvel-Eibrink M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Prinses Maxima Centrum voor Kinderoncologie, Utrecht, Netherlands

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M H Lequin M Lequin, Department of Radiology, Prinses Maxima Centrum voor Kinderoncologie, Utrecht, Netherlands

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J van der Lugt J van der Lugt, Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Prinses Maxima Centrum voor Kinderoncologie, Utrecht, Netherlands

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L Meijer L Meijer, Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Prinses Maxima Centrum voor Kinderoncologie, Utrecht, Netherlands

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A.y.n. Schouten-van Meeteren A Schouten-van Meeteren, Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Prinses Maxima Centrum voor Kinderoncologie, Utrecht, Netherlands

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H M van Santen H van Santen, Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Prinses Maxima Centrum voor Kinderoncologie, Utrecht, Netherlands

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Objective: Children with a supratentorial midline low grade glioma (LGG) may be at risk for impaired bone health due to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, obesity, exposure to multiple treatment modalities, and/or decreased mobility. The presence of impaired bone health and/or its severity in this population has been understudied. We aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors for bone problems in children with supratentorial midline LGG.

Design and Methods: A retrospective study was performed in children with supratentorial midline (suprasellar or thalamic) LGG between 1-1-2003 and 1-1-2022, visiting the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology. Impaired bone health was defined as presence of vertebral fractures and/or very low bone mineral density (BMD).

Results: In total, 161 children were included, with a median age at tumor diagnosis of 4.7 years (range 0.1 – 17.9) and a median follow-up of 6.1 years (range 0.1 – 19.9). Five patients (3.1 %) had vertebral fractures. In 99 patients BMD was assessed either by Dual Energy X ray Absorptiometry (n=12) or Bone Health Index (n=95); 34 patients (34.3%) had a low BMD (≤ -2.0). Impaired visual capacity was associated with bone problems in multivariable analysis (OR 6.63, 95% CI 1.83 – 24.00, p = 0.004).

Conclusions: In this retrospective evaluation, decreased BMD was prevalent in 34.3% of children with supratentorial midline LGG. For the risk to develop bone problems visual capacity seems highly relevant. Surveillance of bone health must be an aspect for awareness in the care and follow-up of children with a supratentorial midline LGG.

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Rachel D C A Diniz
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Renata M Souza
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Roberto Salvatori Division of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Division of Hepatology, Division of Radiology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil

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Alex Franca Division of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Division of Hepatology, Division of Radiology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil

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Elenilde Gomes-Santos
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Thiago O Ferrão Division of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Division of Hepatology, Division of Radiology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil

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Carla R P Oliveira
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João A M Santana
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Francisco A Pereira
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Rita A A Barbosa
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Anita H O Souza
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Rossana M C Pereira
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Alécia A Oliveira-Santos
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Allysson M P Silva
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Francisco J Santana-Júnior
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Eugênia H O Valença
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Viviane C Campos
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Manuel H Aguiar-Oliveira
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pituitary dysfunction, NAFLD was diagnosed with a median of 3 years after the diagnosis of pituitary dysfunction, with a high prevalence of cirrhosis and liver-related death (4) . Given the relatively young age of the subjects studied in this work, one

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I M A A van Roessel Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J P de Graaf Dutch Pituitary Foundation, Nijkerk, The Netherlands
Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Endo-ERN European Reference Network on Rare endocrine conditions

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N R Biermasz Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Endo-ERN European Reference Network on Rare endocrine conditions

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E Charmandari Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece

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H M van Santen Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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detrimental effects on the quality of life. Patients with HD may experience disturbed hunger-satiety and thirst feelings, decreased energy expenditure, behavioral problems, disturbed circadian rhythm, temperature dysregulation and pituitary dysfunction

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Rachel K Rowe Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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Benjamin M Rumney BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK

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Hazel G May BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK

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Paska Permana Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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P David Adelson BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

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S Mitchell Harman Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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Jonathan Lifshitz Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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Theresa C Thomas Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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23 928 – 942 . ( doi:10.1089/neu.2006.23.928 ) 13 Zaben M El Ghoul W Belli A. Post-traumatic head injury pituitary dysfunction . Disability and Rehabilitation 2013 35 522 – 525 . ( doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.697252 ) 14 Webb

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Bliss Anderson Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Daniel L Morganstein Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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, 10 , 11 , 12 ). Pituitary dysfunction is variable but ACTH deficiency seems essentially universal ( 13 , 14 ). In contrast, the PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors result less commonly in pituitary involvement (~1%), and are reported to result in isolated

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David S McLaren Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Aarani Devi Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Nikolaos Kyriakakis Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Michelle Kwok-Williams Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Robert D Murray Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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performed in adult survivors of non-pituitary brain tumours showed a comparatively higher prevalence of pituitary dysfunction of 88.8% after a median follow-up of 8 years. For individual axes, growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was the most frequent (86

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Liza Das Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India

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Kim Vaiphei Department of Histopathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

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Ashutosh Rai Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

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Chirag Kamal Ahuja Department of Radiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

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Paramjeet Singh Department of Radiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

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Ishani Mohapatra Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, India

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Rajesh Chhabra Department of Neurosurgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

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Anil Bhansali Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India

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Bishan Dass Radotra Department of Histopathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

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Ashley B Grossman Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Márta Korbonits Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Pinaki Dutta Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India

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(acromegaly or Cushing’s syndrome) ( 5 , 6 , 7 ); however, posterior pituitary dysfunction (diabetes insipidus (DI)) is virtually never seen prior to surgery ( 4 ). PPTs are usually seen as suprasellar or sellar-suprasellar masses with no pathognomonic

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