Keiko Ohkuwa
Keiko Ohkuwa
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kiminori Sugino
Kiminori Sugino
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Ryohei Katoh
Ryohei Katoh
Department of Pathology, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Mitsuji Nagahama
Mitsuji Nagahama
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Wataru Kitagawa
Wataru Kitagawa
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kenichi Matsuzu
Kenichi Matsuzu
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Akifumi Suzuki
Akifumi Suzuki
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Chisato Tomoda
Chisato Tomoda
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kiyomi Hames
Kiyomi Hames
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Junko Akaishi
Junko Akaishi
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Chie Masaki
Chie Masaki
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kana Yoshioka
Kana Yoshioka
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Koichi Ito
Koichi Ito
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Introduction Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine tumor that accounts for <0.5–5% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). Complete surgical resection is the only curative treatment for PC. To prevent local
Luigia Cinque
Luigia Cinque
Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Angelo Sparaneo
Angelo Sparaneo
Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Antonio S Salcuni
Antonio S Salcuni
Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Danilo de Martino
Danilo de Martino
Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Claudia Battista
Claudia Battista
Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Francesco Logoluso
Francesco Logoluso
Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Unit of Endocrinology, University Medical School of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
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Orazio Palumbo
Orazio Palumbo
Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Roberto Cocchi
Roberto Cocchi
Maxillofacial Surgery, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Evaristo Maiello
Evaristo Maiello
Oncoematology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Paolo Graziano
Paolo Graziano
Pathology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Geoffrey N Hendy
Geoffrey N Hendy
Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Human Genetics, McGill University and Metabolic Disorders and Complications, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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David E C Cole
David E C Cole
Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Medicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Alfredo Scillitani
Alfredo Scillitani
Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Vito Guarnieri
Vito Guarnieri
Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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inactivating mutations of the MEN1 gene, encoding menin, an intracellular protein that interacts with transcription factors involved in cell cycle regulation and proliferation ( 8 ). Fifteen well-documented cases of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) and one atypical
Sara Lomelino Pinheiro
Sara Lomelino Pinheiro
Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
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Ana Saramago
Ana Saramago
Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
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Branca Maria Cavaco
Branca Maria Cavaco
Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
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Carmo Martins
Carmo Martins
Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
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Valeriano Leite
Valeriano Leite
Serviço de Endocrinologia e Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
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Tiago Nunes da Silva
Tiago Nunes da Silva
Serviço de Endocrinologia e Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
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Introduction Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of all primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases ( 1 , 2 ). PC may occur sporadically or as part of genetic syndromes. The most frequent
Qian Wang
Qian Wang
Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jiacheng Wang
Jiacheng Wang
Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yunhui Xin
Yunhui Xin
Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ziyang He
Ziyang He
Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xiang Zhou
Xiang Zhou
Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xing Liu
Xing Liu
Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Teng Zhao
Teng Zhao
Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lihan He
Lihan He
Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hong Shen
Hong Shen
Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mulan Jin
Mulan Jin
Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bojun Wei
Bojun Wei
Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Introduction Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an extremely rare disease, accounting for 0.005% of all malignancies ( 1 ) and representing approximately 1–5% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases ( 2 , 3 ). It is worth noting that the best
Felix Haglund
Felix Haglund
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gustaf Rosin
Gustaf Rosin
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Inga-Lena Nilsson
Inga-Lena Nilsson
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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C Christofer Juhlin
C Christofer Juhlin
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ylva Pernow
Ylva Pernow
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sophie Norenstedt
Sophie Norenstedt
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Andrii Dinets
Andrii Dinets
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Catharina Larsson
Catharina Larsson
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Johan Hartman
Johan Hartman
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Anders Höög
Anders Höög
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as cancer (1, 2, 3) . Parathyroid carcinomas are very rare (<1% of parathyroid tumours), but today's oncological treatment regimens have only a limited effect (4
Boju Pan
Boju Pan
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Anqi Wang
Anqi Wang
Clinical Biobank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Junyi Pang
Junyi Pang
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yuhan Zhang
Yuhan Zhang
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Ming Cui
Ming Cui
Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Jian Sun
Jian Sun
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhiyong Liang
Zhiyong Liang
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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) assay to examine and evaluate PD-L1 expression in these parathyroid tumors. Materials and methods Tumor samples and patient information In this analysis, we included 26 parathyroid carcinoma samples, including two primary foci without
Sara Storvall
Sara Storvall
Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Helena Leijon
Helena Leijon
Department of Pathology and Huslab, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Eeva Ryhänen
Eeva Ryhänen
Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Johanna Louhimo
Johanna Louhimo
Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Caj Haglund
Caj Haglund
Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Johanna Arola
Johanna Arola
Department of Pathology and Huslab, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease usually caused by a parathyroid adenoma (in 85% of cases) or by glandular hyperplasia (15% of cases). Parathyroid carcinoma is only rarely the underlying cause (PC
Elizaveta Mamedova
Elizaveta Mamedova
Department of Neuroendocrinology and Bone Diseases, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Natalya Mokrysheva
Natalya Mokrysheva
Department of Parathyroid Diseases, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Evgeny Vasilyev
Evgeny Vasilyev
Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Vasily Petrov
Vasily Petrov
Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ekaterina Pigarova
Ekaterina Pigarova
Department of Neuroendocrinology and Bone Diseases, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Sergey Kuznetsov
Sergey Kuznetsov
Department of Surgery, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Nikolay Kuznetsov
Nikolay Kuznetsov
Department of Surgery, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Liudmila Rozhinskaya
Liudmila Rozhinskaya
Department of Neuroendocrinology and Bone Diseases, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Galina Melnichenko
Galina Melnichenko
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ivan Dedov
Ivan Dedov
Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Anatoly Tiulpakov
Anatoly Tiulpakov
Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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typical onset in early adulthood, but it can occur at any age, and in about 15% of cases is caused by parathyroid carcinoma ( 4 , 7 ). PHPT is rarely if ever the first manifestation of MEN2A ( 5 ). The typical features of PHPT in MEN4 have not been
Maria Mizamtsidi
Maria Mizamtsidi
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Constantinos Nastos
Constantinos Nastos
Second Department of Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Unit, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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George Mastorakos
George Mastorakos
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Roberto Dina
Roberto Dina
Department of Pathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Ioannis Vassiliou
Ioannis Vassiliou
Second Department of Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Unit, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Maria Gazouli
Maria Gazouli
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fausto Palazzo
Fausto Palazzo
Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
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glands (10%), double adenomas (2–5%) or rarely parathyroid carcinomas (<1%) ( 1 , 2 ). The wide spectrum of disease presentation is very important as different management strategies are in demand. There are data implicating specific genetic pathways in
Filomena Cetani
Filomena Cetani
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Chiara Banti
Chiara Banti
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Elena Pardi
Elena Pardi
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Simona Borsari
Simona Borsari
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Paolo Viacava
Paolo Viacava
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Paolo Miccoli
Paolo Miccoli
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Liborio Torregrossa
Liborio Torregrossa
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Fulvio Basolo
Fulvio Basolo
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Maria Rosa Pelizzo
Maria Rosa Pelizzo
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Massimo Rugge
Massimo Rugge
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Gianmaria Pennelli
Gianmaria Pennelli
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Guido Gasparri
Guido Gasparri
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Mauro Papotti
Mauro Papotti
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Marco Volante
Marco Volante
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Edda Vignali
Edda Vignali
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Federica Saponaro
Federica Saponaro
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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Claudio Marcocci
Claudio Marcocci
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Surgery Unit, Medicine, General Surgery 3 and Esophageal Surgery, Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Oncology
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histological diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is currently restricted to lesions showing unequivocal extra-parathyroidal growth, as evidenced by perineural invasion, full thickness capsular invasion with growth into adjacent tissues, extratumoral
