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Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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). Approximately 85% of all PHPT cases are caused by sporadic single-gland parathyroid adenomas (PTAs), benign tumors which typically release inappropriately high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cause hypercalcemia, in turn often leading to osteoporosis
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serum calcium (Ca) levels ( 3 ). Accordingly, 85–90% of PHPT cases are caused by parathyroid adenomas (PAs), a type of benign tumour ( 4 ), with other causes including double adenoma (4%), multiple gland hyperplasia (6%) and parathyroid carcinoma (<1
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery #4, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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studies, e.g. inactivating mutations of MEN1 in parathyroid adenomas or cell division cycle 73 ( CDC73 ) in parathyroid carcinomas (7, 8, 9) . Recent whole-exome sequencing studies of parathyroid adenomas have overall revealed few non
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in patients with pathologically confirmed parathyroid carcinoma (PC) and parathyroid adenoma (PA). Characteristics Number ( n = 54, %) PC ( n = 14, %) PA ( n = 40, %) P Gender Female 35 (65) 7 (50
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Introduction About 80–90% of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) cases are caused by parathyroid adenoma. Long-term increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion leads to a generalized disorder of calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism. The
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carcinomas ( 14 ), pheochromocytomas ( 15 ) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms ( 16 ). But PD-L1 expression was significantly different among these tumor types. No studies have investigated PD-L1 expression in parathyroid adenoma and
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease usually caused by a parathyroid adenoma (in 85% of cases) or by glandular hyperplasia (15% of cases). Parathyroid carcinoma is only rarely the underlying cause (PC
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Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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deletion of the whole CDC73 gene in a female with parathyroid carcinoma from FIHP family and (B) a deletion of 1–10 exons of CDC73 gene in a male with atypical parathyroid adenoma. Clinical data The genetic analysis allowed us to divide
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Introduction Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1, OMIM #131100) is a rare autosomal dominant endocrine disorder characterized by the occurrence of parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia, duodeno–pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and anterior
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clinicians is the lack of specific clinical, biochemical, and imaging features that distinguish PC from parathyroid adenoma (PA). Thus, in clinical practice, PC is often diagnosed through histopathological examinations after surgery and diagnosis after