Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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exhibited mutations in the TRPM6 gene ( Fig. 2 ). Four novel mutations and one deletion were identified ( Table 1 ). F1.1 had two novel missense mutations in exons 22 and 23 respectively and was homozygous for both mutations. Copy number analysis revealed
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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In about 95% of cases, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is caused by mutations in CYP21A2 gene encoding steroid 21-hydroxylase (21OH). Recently, we have reported four novel CYP21A2 variants in the Norwegian population of patients with CAH, of which p.L388R and p.E140K were associated with salt wasting (SW), p.P45L with simple virilising (SV) and p.V211M+p.V281L with SV to non-classical (NC) phenotypes. We aimed to characterise the novel variants functionally utilising a newly designed in vitro assay of 21OH enzyme activity and structural simulations and compare the results with clinical phenotypes. CYP21A2 mutations and variants were expressed in vitro. Enzyme activity was assayed by assessing the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. PyMOL 1.3 was used for structural simulations, and PolyPhen2 and PROVEAN for predicting the severity of the mutants. The CYP21A2 mutants, p.L388R and p.E140K, exhibited 1.1 and 11.3% of wt 21OH enzyme activity, respectively, in vitro. We could not detect any functional deficiency of the p.P45L variant in vitro; although prediction tools suggest p.P45L to be pathogenic. p.V211M displayed enzyme activity equivalent to the wt in vitro, which was supported by in silico analyses. We found good correlations between phenotype and the in vitro enzyme activities of the SW mutants, but not for the SV p.P45L variant. p.V211M might have a synergistic effect together with p.V281L, explaining a phenotype between SV and NC CAH.
Department of Nephrology & Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Renal Division, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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, 21 , 22 , 23 ) and GS mimic mouse models ( 24 , 25 ) and thiazide test ( 13 , 17 , 26 , 27 ) in vivo , the functional characteristics of the most frequent NCC mutations and novel mutations of Chinese patients remain unknown. Few studies
Diagnósticos da América SA, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Neuroendocrinology Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Neuroendocrinology Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene mutations (AIPmut) are the most frequent germline mutations found in apparently sporadic pituitary adenomas (SPA). Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of AIPmut among young Brazilian patients with SPA. We performed an observational cohort study between 2013 and 2016 in a single referral center. AIPmut screening was carried out in 132 SPA patients with macroadenomas diagnosed up to 40 years or in adenomas of any size diagnosed until 18 years of age. Twelve tumor samples were also analyzed. Leukocyte DNA and tumor tissue DNA were sequenced for the entire AIP-coding region for evaluation of mutations. Eleven (8.3%) of the 132 patients had AIPmut, comprising 9/74 (12%) somatotropinomas, 1/38 (2.6%) prolactinoma, 1/10 (10%) corticotropinoma and no non-functioning adenomas. In pediatric patients (≤18 years), AIPmut frequency was 13.3% (2/15). Out of the 5 patients with gigantism, two had AIPmut, both truncating mutations. The Y268* mutation was described in Brazilian patients and the K273Rfs*30 mutation is a novel mutation in our patient. No somatic AIP mutations were found in the 12 tumor samples. A tumor sample from an acromegaly patient harboring the A299V AIPmut showed loss of heterozygosity. In conclusion, AIPmut frequency in SPA Brazilian patients is similar to other populations. Our study identified two mutations exclusively found in Brazilians and also shows, for the first time, loss of heterozygosity in tumor DNA from an acromegaly patient harboring the A299V AIPmut. Our findings corroborate previous observations that AIPmut screening should be performed in young patients with SPA.
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AAAS gene ( Fig. 1 ). Five patients had mutations in homozygous state, two patients in compound heterozygous state while one patient (patient 8) was heterozygous for a novel mutation (Supplementary Table 1). A previously reported frameshift mutation in
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diagnosis of a 46,XY DSD. Novel mutation 4 XY p F ?46,XY DSD HSD17B3 c.614T>A p.(Val205Glu) P c.645A>T p.(Glu215Asp) P Supports diagnosis of 46,XY DSD due to HSD17B3 deficiency 5 XY p F ?46,XY DSD HSD17B3 c.194C>T p.(Ser65
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pituitary lobe reveals eight different PROP1 alterations with three novel mutations . Clinical Endocrinology 2017 87 725 – 732 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13430 ) 10.1111/cen.13430 28734020 8 Salvatori R Hayashida CY Aguiar-Oliveira MH Phillips
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: identification and detailed functional characterization of a novel mutation in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene . Neuroendocrinology 2006 84 301 – 308 . ( doi:10.1159/000098147 ) 14 Beneduzzi D Trarbach EB Latronico AC
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Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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frequency of the novel AIRE mutation, c.1637G>T, was assessed in 50 healthy subjects by sequencing exon 14. The prevalence of another novel mutation, c.32T>C, was determined in 70 control subjects by PCR-RFLP. A 406-base pair (bp) region of exon 1 was
Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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. ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-009-0895-6 ) 10.1007/s00296-009-0895-6 19306095 17 Yuan L Chen L Liao RX Lin YY Jiang Y Wang O Li M Xing XP Pang QQ Jiajue R , et al . A common mutation and a novel mutation in the HPGD gene in nine patients with