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Qian Wang Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jiacheng Wang Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yunhui Xin Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ziyang He Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xiang Zhou Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xing Liu Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Teng Zhao Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Lihan He Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Hong Shen Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Mulan Jin Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Bojun Wei Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Background

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC), often misdiagnosed as a parathyroid adenoma (PA), is prone to local relapse due to the initial surgery being restricted to parathyroid lesions instead of en bloc resection of parathyroid lesions with negative incision margins. However, it is very challenging to distinguish PC from PA preoperatively; hence, this study investigated an effective biomarker for increasing accuracy in PC diagnosis.

Method

First, the differentially expressed circular RNAs between three PC tissues and three PA tissues were screened by high-throughput circular RNA sequencing, and the expression of hsa_circ_0005729 was verified by qRT-PCR in 14 patients with PC and 40 patients with PA. Secondly, the receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of hsa_circ_0005729 in PC by combining with laboratory data. Thirdly, RNF138mRNA, the corresponding linear transcript of hsa_circ_0005729, was measured, and the relationship between hsa_circ_0005729 and RNF138 mRNA was analyzed in patients with PA and patients with PC.

Results

Hsa_circ_0005729 expression was significantly higher in patients with PC than in patients with PA. Serum calcium (P  = 0.045), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P  = 0.048), and creatinine levels (P  = 0.036) were significantly higher in patients with PC than in patients with PA. The AUC increased to 0.86 when hsa_circ_0005729 combined with serum calcium, creatinine, and ALP. In addition, hsa_circ_0005729 was positively correlated with RNF138 mRNA in patients with PA but not in patients with PC.

Conclusion

The novel circular RNA hsa_circ_0005729 was found to have a higher expression in patients with PC, indicating its usefulness for distinguishing PC from PA.

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Qinglei Yin Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China

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Zhou Jin Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yulin Zhou Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Dalong Song Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China

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Chenyang Fu Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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FengJiao Huang Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

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Shu Wang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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system . Circulation Research 2018 122 399 – 401 . ( https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.312512 ) 13 Mercer TR Dinger ME Mattick JS Long non-coding RNAs: insights into functions . Nature Reviews: Genetics 2009 10 155 – 159

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Jiwen Yang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China

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Yayin Huang Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China

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Bohan Dong Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China

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Yunhai Dai Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China

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Wang Z A long non-coding RNA, PTCSC3, as a tumor suppressor and a target of miRNAs in thyroid cancer cells . Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2013 5 1143 – 1146 . ( https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.933 ) 3 Eades G Zhang YS Li QL

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Anna-Pauliina Iivonen Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Johanna Känsäkoski Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Kirsi Vaaralahti Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Taneli Raivio Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
New Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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against the human reference genome (GRCh38) with the BLAT ( 12 ) and BLASTN ( 13 ) tools in Ensembl database ( 14 ). The BLAT search was run with ‘Genomic sequence’ and the BLASTN search with ‘Ensembl Non-coding RNA genes’ as DNA databases. In both

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Tian Zhou School of Clinical Medicine, GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Dai-wei Zhao School of Clinical Medicine, GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
Department of Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Ning Ma School of Clinical Medicine, GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Xue-ying Zhu School of Clinical Medicine, GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Xing-hong Chen Department of Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Xue Luo Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Song Chen School of Clinical Medicine, GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Qing-jun Gao Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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from the TCGA dataset and compared in tumor and normal groups ( 21 ). Analysis of the potential relationship between long non-coding RNA forkhead box P4–antisense RNA 1 and forkhead box P4 The relationship between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA

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Helene Bandsholm Leere Tallaksen Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Emma B Johannsen Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Jesper Just Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Mette Hansen Viuff Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Claus H Gravholt Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Anne Skakkebæk Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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hypermethylation in KS, and with DEGs displaying an inverse expression pattern in TS and KS, respectively. Furthermore, the altered transcriptome seen in SCAs does not only include coding RNAs. Also, autosomal and X chromosomal non-coding RNAs (e.g. microRNAs

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Hui Li Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.

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Peng Wu Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.

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various diseases, including thyroid cancer ( 3 , 4 ). This regulation includes DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and the expression of diverse non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and

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Yu Lin State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Yingying Zhang State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Lei Xu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China

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Wei Long State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Chunjian Shan State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Hongjuan Ding State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Lianghui You State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Chun Zhao State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Zhonghua Shi State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Hung T Argani P Rinn JL et al . Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis . Nature 2010 464 1071 – 1076 . ( https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08975 ) 10 Klattenhoff CA Scheuermann JC Surface LE

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Bingbing Wang Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Mayra Cruz Ithier Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Nataliya Parobchak Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Stacy M Yadava Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Jay Schulkin Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Todd Rosen Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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cellular process examined so far ( 21 ). As shown in Table 1 , there were a total of 1586 genomic sites targeted by 1,25(OH)2D-simulated VDR in human STB, which include 1112 sites for non-coding RNA genes and 148 for coding genes. Remarkably, 1,25(OH)2D

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Veronica Astro Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

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Elisabetta Fiacco Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

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Kelly Johanna Cardona-Londoño Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

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Ilario De Toma Sequentia Biotech SL, Barcelona, Spain

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Hams Saeed Alzahrani Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Jumana Alama Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Amal Kokandi Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Taha Abo-Almagd Abdel-Meguid Hamoda Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Majed Felemban Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Antonio Adamo Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

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extra X chromosome in all the established KS-iPSC clones and a normal chromosomal content in the iPSCs obtained from the 46,XY donor (Supplementary Fig. 1). Next, we assessed the mRNA levels of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) XIST in KS and 46,XY

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