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nonetheless remains important to pursue the collection of detailed data in PAI due to the rarity of the condition and limited published data. In conclusion, this national survey of 200 patients represents the first characterisation of PAI in Belgium and
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Objective
There is a lack of consensus on whether a high BMI increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We aimed to investigate the association between BMI, overweight, obesity, and DR using the data of diabetes respondents in the 2015 US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey.
Methods
Diabetes respondents aged over 18-year-old with complete information as well as undergone fundus examination in the past 2 years or had been diagnosed with DR were included. Weighted logistic regression analyses were used to identify the association of BMI with DR.
Results
Among the 21,647 diabetes respondents, 4588 respondents had DR with a weighted prevalence of 22.5%. The mean BMI of all diabetes respondents was 31.50 ± 6.95 kg/m2 with 18,498 (86.5%) overweight and 11,353 (54.6%) obese. The mean BMI of the DR group (31.83 ± 7.41 kg/m2) was significantly higher than that of the non-DR group (31.41 ± 6.81 kg/m2, P < 0.05). The proportion of obese respondents in the DR group was higher than the non-DR group (54.3%, P < 0.001). The weighted prevalence of DR was 0.8, 13.8, 29.7, and 55.7% for the emaciation group, the normal weight group, the overweight group, and the obesity group, respectively (P < 0.001). Weighted logistic regression analysis showed that both BMI (adjusted OR = 1.004, 95% CI 1.003–1.004) and obesity (adjusted OR = 1.051, 95% CI 1.048–1.055) were associated with DR after adjusting for the confounding variables. However, overweight was not significantly associated with DR.
Conclusion
The prevalence of DR in the normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups increased gradually. Obesity, rather than overweight, was significantly associated with increased DR prevalence.
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Primary hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neuromuscular symptoms in infancy due to extremely low levels of serum magnesium and moderate to severe hypocalcemia. Homozygous mutations in the magnesium transporter gene transient receptor potential cation channel member 6 (TRPM6) cause the disease. HSH can be misdiagnosed as primary hypoparathyroidism. The aim of this study was to describe the genetic, clinical and biochemical features of patients clinically diagnosed with HSH in a Norwegian cohort. Five patients in four families with clinical features of HSH were identified, including one during a national survey of hypoparathyroidism. The clinical history of the patients and their families were reviewed and gene analyses of TRPM6 performed. Four of five patients presented with generalized seizures in infancy and extremely low levels of serum magnesium accompanied by moderate hypocalcemia. Two of the patients had an older sibling who died in infancy. Four novel mutations and one large deletion in TRPM6 were identified. In one patient two linked homozygous mutations were located in exon 22 (p.F978L) and exon 23 (p.G1042V). Two families had an identical mutation in exon 25 (p.E1155X). The fourth patient had a missense mutation in exon 4 (p.H61N) combined with a large deletion in the C-terminal end of the gene. HSH is a potentially lethal condition that can be misdiagnosed as primary hypoparathyroidism. The diagnosis is easily made if serum magnesium is measured. When treated appropriately with high doses of oral magnesium supplementation, severe hypomagnesemia is uncommon and the long-term prognosis seems to be good.
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Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Section of Endocrinology, Bogotá, Colombia
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, skeletal growth during childhood, reaching peak bone mass, and continuous bone remodeling throughout adulthood ( 3 , 4 , 5 ). Several large, national surveys undertaken in Asia ( 6 , 7 ), North America ( 8 , 9 , 10 ), Europe ( 11 , 12 , 13 ), and
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D by using hospital-based national survey data sources with 811,264 adult participants. Patients with higher BMI had relatively worse metabolic markers, including blood pressure and lipids profiles. Trends in the prevalence of obesity with age
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Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Methods Study population NHANES is the only national survey that provides a cross-sectional picture of nutrition and health in the US population. Its data is collected by the National Center for Health
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to ~6.8 million N-H blacks, ~4.1 million N-H whites, ~3.2 million Hispanics and ~1.2 million N-H Asians with serum 25(OH)D concentrations <30 nmol/L. Figure 1 The prevalence of serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L in the national surveys in the USA and
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Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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this tool, especially at the primary care level. A national survey in China has revealed that only one-third of patients with diabetes had regular examination of the eyes ( 35 ). The risk score model developed in this study includes simple clinical
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Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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INSERM UMR_S933, Paris, France
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Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
INSERM UMR_S933, Paris, France
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Drui D Christin-Maitre S Galland F , et al . Clinical outcome, hormonal status, gonadotrope axis, and testicular function in 219 adult men born with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. A French national survey . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and
UPMC Univ, Paris, France
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Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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UPMC Univ, Paris, France
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F Kerlan V Pascal-Vigneron V Drui D Christin-Maitre S Galland F Clinical outcome, hormonal status, gonadotrope axis, and testicular function in 219 adult men born with classic 21-Hydroxylase deficiency. A French national survey
