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, have therefore been recommended ( 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 ). Prednisolone and dexamethasone are highly potent glucocorticoids with only a little mineralocorticoid effect. Consequently, the regulation of glucocorticoids has been the main focus to investigate
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Introduction Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a rare disease consisting of the inability of the adrenal cortex to produce adequate levels of glucocorticoids (GCs), with or without concomitant inadequate production of mineralocorticoids
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regulation of precursors of androgens and other steroid hormones within the steroid metabolome encompassing glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and estrogens is largely unknown in PCOS. Although PCOS has frequently been reported in adolescents, the
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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insufficient to meet the body’s needs. Overt mineralocorticoid deficiency causes the characteristic presentation of salt craving, postural hypotension, hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia. Glucocorticoid deficiency causes loss of appetite, early satiety, weight
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Prinses Máxima Centrum, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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naturally produced glucocorticoid hormone cortisol. Cortisol also acts via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in many tissues including the brain ( 6 ), but synthetic glucocorticoids have a clear preference for GR over MR ( 7 ). Both receptor types are
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, España
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Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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Introduction Aldosterone and cortisol are the two main mineralocorticoids in humans. Under physiological conditions, aldosterone is the chief stimulatory ligand of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the principal cells of the distal
Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Introduction Patients with adrenal insufficiency are treated with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement ( 1 , 2 ). Plasma renin measured as either plasma renin activity (PRA) or plasma renin concentration (PRC) is used to evaluate
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-transformed concentrations of steroid metabolites (androgens, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids) in liver diseases (L1) and with non-liver disease features (L0) patients. Table 3 Ratio of steroid metabolites (enzyme activity): differences between patients
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Division of Interventional Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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affected than males ( 1 ). These patients were also found to have a lower quality of life (QoL) even after treatment with either a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist or adrenalectomy (ADX) ( 2 ). Cognitive deficits are prevalent in depression ( 3
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Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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conversion), and consecutive along the three different pathways (glucocorticoids, androgens and mineralocorticoids), was determined using LC-MS/MS. They are shown in blue in Fig. 1 . Figure 1 Adrenal steroidogenesis diagram. Steroidogenic enzymes are