Aida Javanbakht
Aida Javanbakht
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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Massimo D’Apuzzo
Massimo D’Apuzzo
Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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Behnam Badie
Behnam Badie
Department of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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Behrouz Salehian
Behrouz Salehian
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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Introduction Pituitary metastasis (Pit Met) is a rare condition first reported for the by Ludwig Benjamin in 1857 and subsequently by Harvey Cushing in 1913 ( 1 ). Detection of Pit Met is difficult, as they are easily missed in imaging studies
Chao-bin He
Chao-bin He
Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Yu Zhang
Yu Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Zhi-yuan Cai
Zhi-yuan Cai
Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Xiao-jun Lin
Xiao-jun Lin
Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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PNETs can be broadly categorized as functioning and nonfunctioning tumors, which account for a large part of patients and had more aggressive behavior. As a group of generally indolent epithelial neoplasms, they have the ability to metastasis. Moreover
Norra Kwong
Norra Kwong
Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Hypertension and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Ellen Marqusee
Ellen Marqusee
Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Hypertension and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Michael S Gordon
Michael S Gordon
Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Hypertension and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Hypertension and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Hypertension and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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P Reed Larsen
P Reed Larsen
Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Hypertension and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Jeffrey R Garber
Jeffrey R Garber
Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Hypertension and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Hypertension and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Hypertension and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Matthew I Kim
Matthew I Kim
Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Hypertension and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Erik K Alexander
Erik K Alexander
Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Hypertension and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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remained positive, though variable. Despite biopsy-proven pulmonary metastasis, the patient has been asymptomatic and healthy. At the age of 75, patient had stable pulmonary metastases for 42 years. Patient no. 5 In 1966, a 43-year-old female underwent hemi
Ashley N Reeb
Ashley N Reeb
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Andrea Ziegler
Andrea Ziegler
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Reigh-Yi Lin
Reigh-Yi Lin
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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have been developed to study the distant metastasis of human thyroid cancer cell lines ( 5 ). In the current study, we characterize the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of a panel of three human FTC cell lines harboring various genetic mutations
Zeming Liu
Zeming Liu
Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Di Hu
Di Hu
Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yihui Huang
Yihui Huang
Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Sichao Chen
Sichao Chen
Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wen Zeng
Wen Zeng
Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ling Zhou
Ling Zhou
Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wei Zhou
Wei Zhou
Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Min Wang
Min Wang
Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Haifeng Feng
Haifeng Feng
Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wei Wei
Wei Wei
Department of Pediatrics, St John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Chao Zhang
Chao Zhang
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Danyang Chen
Danyang Chen
Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Liang Guo
Liang Guo
Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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incidence and mortality rate of pediatric thyroid cancer is low; moreover, pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer has a higher rate of distant metastasis ( 4 ). Thus, there seems to be a significant need for relevant studies in children and adolescents with
Yong Yu
Yong Yu
Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Lin-Lin Shi
Lin-Lin Shi
Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Hua-Wei Zhang
Hua-Wei Zhang
Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Qian Wang
Qian Wang
Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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invasive, presenting with cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and extracapsular extension. The conventional approach in situations of CLNM involvement is central/lateral compartment neck dissection in addition to thyroidectomy ( 2 ). PTC metastasis to the
B C M Hermans
B C M Hermans
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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J L Derks
J L Derks
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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H J M Groen
H J M Groen
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands
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J A Stigt
J A Stigt
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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R J van Suylen
R J van Suylen
Pathology-DNA, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, ‘s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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L M Hillen
L M Hillen
Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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E C van den Broek
E C van den Broek
PALGA Foundation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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E J M Speel
E J M Speel
Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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A-M C Dingemans
A-M C Dingemans
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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with a solitary metastasis, limited to the brain. This subgroup comprises 7% of NSCLC and shows prolonged survival compared to NSCLC with extensive metastatic disease ( 10 ). According to current guidelines, local radical treatment of the lesions may be
Shikai Gui
Shikai Gui
Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Wanli Yu
Wanli Yu
Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Jiabao Xie
Jiabao Xie
Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Lunshan Peng
Lunshan Peng
Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Yuanyuan Xiong
Yuanyuan Xiong
Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Zhen Song
Zhen Song
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Department of Urology, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Department of Urology, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Haitao Luo
Haitao Luo
Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Juexian Xiao
Juexian Xiao
Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Shengtao Yuan
Shengtao Yuan
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zujue Cheng
Zujue Cheng
Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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). Previous studies have demonstrated that expression of SLC7A11 was linked to tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. The study by Chen et al. indicated that SLC7A11 might serve as a potential target to inhibit cancer metastasis ( 13 ). Ruiu et al
Keiko Ohkuwa
Keiko Ohkuwa
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kiminori Sugino
Kiminori Sugino
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Mitsuji Nagahama
Mitsuji Nagahama
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Wataru Kitagawa
Wataru Kitagawa
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kenichi Matsuzu
Kenichi Matsuzu
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Akifumi Suzuki
Akifumi Suzuki
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Chisato Tomoda
Chisato Tomoda
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kiyomi Hames
Kiyomi Hames
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Junko Akaishi
Junko Akaishi
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Chie Masaki
Chie Masaki
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Koichi Ito
Koichi Ito
Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Introduction The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over the previous decade. The 5- and 10-year relative survival rates for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are 90–95% ( 1 , 2 ). Distant metastasis occurs in 5–20% of
Shan Wu
Shan Wu
College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Jianjun Zhou
Jianjun Zhou
Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Jing Guo
Jing Guo
Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Zhan Hua
Zhan Hua
Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Jianchen Li
Jianchen Li
College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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Zai Wang
Zai Wang
Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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potential therapeutic targets have been proposed, and clinical trials that may bring new treatment options are ongoing ( 4 ). Angiogenesis is indispensable in both tumor growth and metastasis ( 5 ). The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling
