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Xue-Jiao Yang School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

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Le-Yang Zhang Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

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Qing-Hua Ma The 3rd People’s Hospital of Xiangcheng District, Suzhou, China

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Hong-Peng Sun School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

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Yong Xu School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

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Xing Chen Department of Children Health Care, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China

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Chen-Wei Pan School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

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Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects about one-fourth of the global adult population. The prevalence of MetS has been increasing rapidly in the mainland of China over the past few decades ( 1 ), reaching 33.9% (31.0% in men and 36

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0209
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 7
Open access
Cornelia Then Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, LMU München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany

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Holger Then Freie Waldorfschule Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

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Andreas Lechner Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, LMU München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany

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Cornelia Huth German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany

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Christa Meisinger Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
Chair of Epidemiology at UNIKAT Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Margit Heier Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
KORA Study Center, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

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Annette Peters German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany

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Wolfgang Koenig DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Wolfgang Rathmann Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Christian Herder German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Michael Roden German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Jürgen Scherberich Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany

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Jochen Seissler Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, LMU München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany

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Introduction The metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular and renal complications, and chronic renal failure in metabolic syndrome may progress to end-stage renal disease ( 1 , 2 ). Kidney pathophysiological

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0352
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 10
Open access
Milica Popovic Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Fahim Ebrahimi Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Sandrine Andrea Urwyler Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Marc Yves Donath Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Mirjam Christ-Crain Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Introduction Patients with metabolic syndrome are at significant risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases ( 1 ). Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was suggested to play a causal role in the development of type 2

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0197
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 7
Open access
Xiao Zong Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Qin Fan Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Hang Zhang Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Qian Yang Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Hongyang Xie Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Qiujing Chen Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ruiyan Zhang Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Rong Tao Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic abnormalities comprising central obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) or hyperglycemia, high triglyceride (TG) levels, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0645
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 3
Open access
V G Pluimakers Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M van Waas Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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C W N Looman Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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M P de Maat Department of Haematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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R de Jonge Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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P Delhanty Section Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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M Huisman Section Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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F U S Mattace-Raso Section Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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S J C M M Neggers Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Section Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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disease interact and cluster together as metabolic syndrome ( 6 , 7 , 8 ). In order to prevent the development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, it is important to identify survivors at risk of developing (components of) MetS and to

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0144
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 7
Open access
Xingrong Tan Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China

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Wenjing Hu Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Hospital for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing, China

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Shan Yang Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Han Dai Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Shangcheng Xu Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Hospital for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing, China

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Gangyi Yang Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Ling Li Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China

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Shiguo Tang Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China

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Yi Wang Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China

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Introduction Insulin resistance (IR) is the pathophysiological basis of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). Increased IR in T

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0569
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Open access
Ling Hu Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

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Ting Li Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

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Xiao-Ling Yin Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

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Yi Zou Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

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consciousness in general, the detection rate of thyroid nodules has increased ( 4 ). Metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by the presence of at least four of the following clinical components: hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia (low

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0398
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 9
Open access
Maria Lola Evia-Viscarra Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, Boulevard Milenio 130, San Carlos la Roncha, C.P. 37660 León, Guanajuato, Mexico

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Edel Rafael Rodea-Montero Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, Boulevard Milenio 130, San Carlos la Roncha, C.P. 37660 León, Guanajuato, Mexico

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Evelia Apolinar-Jiménez Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, Boulevard Milenio 130, San Carlos la Roncha, C.P. 37660 León, Guanajuato, Mexico

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Silvia Quintana-Vargas Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, Boulevard Milenio 130, San Carlos la Roncha, C.P. 37660 León, Guanajuato, Mexico

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associated with long periods of physical incapacity and early mortality (3) . The risk factors for developing CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults are encompassed by the term ‘metabolic syndrome’ (MS) (4) , which is diagnosed based on the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0057
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 4
Open access
Sandra N Slagter Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Robert P van Waateringe Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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André P van Beek Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Melanie M van der Klauw Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Introduction The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is nowadays frequently used to identify individuals at higher risk for future type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) ( 1 ). Recognized metabolic risk components are abdominal obesity

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0011
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 4
Open access
Annieke C G van Baar Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Andrei Prodan Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Camilla D Wahlgren Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Steen S Poulsen Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Filip K Knop Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Albert K Groen Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands

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Jacques J Bergman Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Max Nieuwdorp Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, VUMC Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Evgeni Levin Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Horaizon BV, Delft, the Netherlands

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, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes ( 1 ). The gut incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), produced by enteroendocrine L cells and K cells, respectively, are intimately involved in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0094
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 5
Open access