Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
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Faculty of Health Science, Bukkyo University, Kyoto, Japan
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model of low birth weight infants by maternal food restriction There were no significant differences in BW between the two maternal groups (control groups and UN groups) on GD9; however, maternal food restriction caused a significant decrease in
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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days of life as add-on to own mother’s milk in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW), that is, a birth weight < 1500 g. VLBW infants admitted at one of six participating neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) throughout the Netherlands were
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uncertain, and genetic factors have been proposed (2, 3) . PA has been associated with type 2 diabetes, coronary arterial disease (CAD), hypertension, and metabolic syndrome in adulthood (4, 5) . These long-term complications have been linked to low birth
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The terms ‘idiopathic short stature’ (ISS) and ‘small for gestational age’ (SGA) were first used in the 1970s and 1980s. ISS described non-syndromic short children with undefined aetiology who did not have growth hormone (GH) deficiency, chromosomal defects, chronic illness, dysmorphic features or low birth weight. Despite originating in the pre-molecular era, ISS is still used as a diagnostic label today. The term ‘SGA’ was adopted by paediatric endocrinologists to describe children born with low birth weight and/or length, some of whom may experience lack of catch-up growth and present with short stature. GH treatment was approved by the FDA for short children born SGA in 2001, and by the EMA in 2003, and for the treatment of ISS in the US, but not Europe, in 2003. These approvals strengthened the terms ‘SGA’ and ‘ISS’ as clinical entities. While clinical and hormonal diagnostic techniques remain important, it is the emergence of genetic investigations that have led to numerous molecular discoveries in both ISS and SGA subjects. The primary message of this article is that the labels ISS and SGA are not definitive diagnoses. We propose that the three disciplines of clinical evaluation, hormonal investigation and genetic sequencing should have equal status in the hierarchy of short stature assessments and should complement each other to identify the true pathogenesis in poorly growing patients.
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distress, low birth weight, megalomania, and small for gestational age (SGA). Definitions for these adverse pregnancy outcomes are based on previous studies ( 11 ). Sample size calculation This was a cohort study designed for grouping. There were
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age at menarche in women with PCOS may be earlier than in the general population on the basis of various conditions, such as genetic variants, androgen levels, and low birth weight ( 2 , 14 , 15 ). Both PP and PCOS are characterized by an excess of
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-corrected gestational age. According to the birthweight, the newborn could be classified into three groups: low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g), macrosomia (≥4000 g) and optimal birthweight. Small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) identified
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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least one parent or other family members (e.g. sibling) diagnosed with HPP, respectively. Low birth weights (<2.5 kg) at full term occurred in 7.4% of the 215 children included in this study. Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study
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effects of SSRI on cortisol secretion, mental health and metabolic risk in PCOS are undetermined ( 12 ). Three-month treatment with escitalopram normalized cortisol secretion and improved insulin sensitivity in young healthy men with low birth weight
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Introduction Low birth weight (LBW) is a consequence of either intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) resulting in infants born small for gestational age (SGA) or due to preterm interruption of gestation or a combination of these two. LBW
