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Liza Haqq School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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James McFarlane School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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Gudrun Dieberg School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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Neil Smart School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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final analysis (see consort statement, Fig. 1 ). Figure 1 Consort statement. Data synthesis and outcome measures Our lifestyle intervention groups were defined as exercise-alone or exercise-plus-diet groups. Our definition of usual care (comparator

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0010
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 1
Open access
Thomas Reinehr Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Alexandra Kulle Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig – Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel/Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, CAU, Kiel, Germany

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Juliane Rothermel Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Caroline Knop-Schmenn Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Nina Lass Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Christina Bosse Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Paul-Martin Holterhus Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig – Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel/Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, CAU, Kiel, Germany

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using an LC–MS/MS steroid profiling method ( 7 ) in obese adolescent girls with PCOS participating in a lifestyle intervention. Subjects and methods The Local Ethics Committee of the University of Witten/Herdecke approved this study. Written

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0051
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 4
Open access
Thomas Reinehr Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany

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Alberto Sánchez-Guijo Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany

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Nina Lass Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany

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Stefan A Wudy Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany

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normalized hormones like leptin, cortisol or adiponectin ( 6 , 22 , 23 , 24 ). All children participated in the lifestyle intervention ‘Obeldicks’, which has been described in detail elsewhere ( 25 ). Briefly, this outpatient intervention program for

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0233
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 10
Open access
Ann-Cathrin Koschker Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University & University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Bodo Warrings Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University & University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Caroline Morbach Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University & University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Florian Seyfried Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Nicole Rickert Department of Radiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Pius Jung Division of Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Andreas Geier Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Ulrich Dischinger Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Maike Krauthausen Department of General Practice, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Martin J Herrmann Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Christine Stier Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Stefan Frantz Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University & University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Uwe Malzahn Center for Clinical Trials, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Stefan Störk Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University & University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Martin Fassnacht Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University & University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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the WAS Study Group
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the WAS Study Group

, 15 ). Lifestyle intervention was not able to reduce the rate of cardiovascular events in obese patients with type 2 diabetes ( 16 ), but mortality might be reduced by bariatric surgery ( 11 , 17 ). Large Swedish registries found that obese patients

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0338
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Anru Wang Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xueqin Yan Department of Pediatrics, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China

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Cai Zhang Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Caiqi Du Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Wenjun Long Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Di Zhan Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Xiaoping Luo Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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non-IR group ( n  = 26). Obese children and adolescents whose weight change more than 5% after 6 months of lifestyle intervention were included in subsequent studies. Those individuals treated with medications or weight loss less than 5% were

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0141
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 8
Open access
Johan Verhelst Department of Endocrinology, ZNA Middelheim Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium

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Anders F Mattsson Pfizer Endocrine Care, Pfizer Health AB, Sollentuna, Sweden

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Cecilia Camacho-Hübner Pfizer Endocrine Care, Pfizer, Inc., New York, New York, USA

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Anton Luger Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University and General Hospital, Vienna, Austria

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Roger Abs Antwerp Centre for Endocrinology, Antwerp, Belgium

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normality independently of any condition. The other one, metabolic disruption, could be prevented by timely diagnosis of GHD and treated by adequate GH replacement, but it will also require a lifestyle intervention, physical activity and especially weight

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0096
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 5
Open access
Alexis Sudlow Department of Upper GI Surgery, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK

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Carel W le Roux Department of Experimental Pathology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

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Dimitri J Pournaras Department of Upper GI Surgery, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK

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Bariatric surgery is established as a highly effective treatment for obesity and related metabolic complications. Although once seen as a last resort for patients with obesity, given the data demonstrating the profound weight loss, improvement in comorbidity and safety, perceptions have since shifted. There is evidence from 12 RCTs demonstrating its safety and efficacy in terms of weight loss which is sustained in the long term with a resultant improvement in co-morbidity. Clinicians are increasingly recognising the importance of timely intervention to maximise the effects of bariatric surgery, particularly in light of the low likelihood of being able to adequately manage patients with medication or lifestyle interventions alone. The inclusion of bariatric surgery in the standard treatment algorithm has been a step forward in the approach to treating patients with obesity. What remains challenging for clinicians is knowing which procedure is most beneficial to patients. There is no level one data demonstrating the superiority of one procedure over another. Head to head RCTs are ongoing which may shed light on this question; however, it is likely that there is no single procedure that will be demonstrated to be the gold standard. Herein we review the most commonly performed procedures along with the evidence available to support their effects with regards to weight loss and metabolic changes along with their limitations and recognised risks. The aim is to provide a general framework to allow clinicians to take advantage of the variety of operative approaches to tailor their treatment strategy to the individual patient.

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0467
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 2
Open access
Eliana Piantanida Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Daniela Gallo Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Giovanni Veronesi Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Eugenia Dozio Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Eugenia Trotti Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Adriana Lai Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Silvia Ippolito Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Jessica Sabatino Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Maria Laura Tanda Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Antonio Toniolo Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Marco Ferrario Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Luigi Bartalena Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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.4 release (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results In the study period, a cohort of 196 obese adults (152 women, 51 ± 13 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Fifty-eight percent of patients had never participated in a lifestyle intervention

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0304
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 8
Open access
Malin Nylander Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Signe Frøssing Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Caroline Kistorp Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Jens Faber Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Sven O Skouby Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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risk of VTE in PCOS. Lifestyle intervention and metformin are mainstays in the treatment of PCOS, aiming at reducing body weight and insulin resistance. In women with PCOS, metformin has been found to reduce PAI-1 activity and levels of hsCRP to a

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0113
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 2
Open access
Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Agnieszka Nikołajuk Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland

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Radosław Majewski Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland

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Remigiusz Filarski Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland

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Magdalena Stefanowicz Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Natalia Matulewicz Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Marek Strączkowski Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland

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their insulin sensitivity after the dietary intervention program. Subjects with lower initial insulin sensitivity achieved greater metabolic benefit from lifestyle intervention ( 29 ). Findings similar to ours regarding worsening ( 29 , 30 ), or the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0507
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 2
Open access