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Robert A Hart Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Robin C Dobos NSW Department of Primary Industries, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Linda L Agnew Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Neil A Smart Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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James R McFarlane Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

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Introduction Leptin is a cytokine hormone released into circulation from adipose tissue, placenta and stomach, and is best known for its effects on energy balance ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). Animals that lack leptin ( ob/ob ), or its long

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Teresa Vilariño-García Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology. Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain

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Antonio Pérez-Pérez Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology. Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain

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Esther Santamaría-López Valencian Infertility Institute (IVI), Seville, Spain

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Nicolás Prados Valencian Infertility Institute (IVI), Seville, Spain

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Manuel Fernández-Sánchez Valencian Infertility Institute (IVI), Seville, Spain

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Víctor Sánchez-Margalet Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology. Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain

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leptin (via PI3K and MAPK pathways activation ( 10 , 11 )) ( Fig. 1 ), where it has been linked to cellular growth and differentiation processes. Moreover, numerous physiological roles for this RNA binding protein have been reported using Sam68-deficient

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Hichem Bouguerra Université Tunis El-Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génétique, Immunologie et pathologies Humaines, Tunis, Tunisie
Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France

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Gorrab Amal Université Tunis El-Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génétique, Immunologie et pathologies Humaines, Tunis, Tunisie

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Stephan Clavel Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France

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Hamouda Boussen Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Abderrahman Mami, Ariana, Tunisia

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Jean-François Louet Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France

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Asma Gati Université Tunis El-Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génétique, Immunologie et pathologies Humaines, Tunis, Tunisie

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remain poorly understood. As it is known, adipocytes hypertrophy leads to deregulated secretions of pro-inflammatory chemokines, cytokines and adipokines. Among various adipocytokines, leptin, a 16-kDa circulating hormone, is emerging as a key candidate

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Juan Carlos Juárez-Cruz Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Miriam Daniela Zuñiga-Eulogio Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Monserrat Olea-Flores Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Miguel Ángel Mendoza-Catalán Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Carlos Ortuño-Pineda Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Ma Elena Moreno-Godínez Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Sócrates Villegas-Comonfort Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, México

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Teresita Padilla-Benavides Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

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Napoleón Navarro-Tito Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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, which further enhances the predisposition of developing breast tumors ( 4 ). Among these molecules, leptin is one of the most important adipokines involved in the development and progression of mammary tumors ( 5 ). Leptin is a hormone with a molecular

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Anna Kistner Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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Mireille Vanpée Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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Kerstin Hall Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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is associated with obesity. Increased body fat percentage in humans has been shown to be correlated with higher leptin levels (12) . Leptin is a peptide hormone produced and secreted from the white adipose tissue (13) . In a population of relatively

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Estíbaliz Castillero
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Ana Isabel Martín
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Maria Paz Nieto-Bona Department of Physiology, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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Carmen Fernández-Galaz
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María López-Menduiña
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María Ángeles Villanúa
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Asunción López-Calderón
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lipoprotein metabolism. Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage organ but also an important endocrine organ secreting proteins known as adipokines. Adiponectin and leptin are adipocytokines secreted specifically by adipose cells and both may play an

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Henryk F Urbanski Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Kevin Mueller Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA

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Cynthia L Bethea Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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. Blood samples were collected from each animal under ketamine HCl sedation (10 mg/kg body weight, intramuscular), at Month −1 and again at Month 24; the serum was stored frozen at −20°C and subsequently assayed for leptin, cortisol and DHEAS. Note

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Jana Ernst Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Urszula Grabiec Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Kathrin Falk Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Faramarz Dehghani Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Kristina Schaedlich Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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leptin and decreasing serum adiponectin ( 14 , 15 , 16 ). Accordingly, data from in vitro models showed a DEHP-dependent impairment of adipogenesis and adipocyte function ( 14 , 17 ). Analyses on underlying mechanisms are difficult, because energy

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H Vlaardingerbroek Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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E L T van den Akker Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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A C S Hokken-Koelega Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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a UAG: unknown AG: regulates short-term food intake (↑ in hunger, ↓ after food intake) by increasing NPY/AgRP, regulates lipid metabolism by antagonizing leptin effects, increased growth-hormone secretion UAG: anti-diabetogenic, functional

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Katarzyna Wyskida Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Grzegorz Franik Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Tomasz Wikarek Department of Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Aleksander Owczarek Department of Statistics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Alham Delroba Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Jerzy Chudek Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Jerzy Sikora Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Introduction It has been shown that the levels of different adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, vaspin, omentin-1 and RBP4 are higher in women than those in men ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ), and that estrogens stimulate

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