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Mônica R Gadelha Endocrine Unit, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Feng Gu Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China

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Marcello D Bronstein Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

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Thierry C Brue Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille Medical Genetics, and Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Marseille, France

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Maria Fleseriu Northwest Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Ilan Shimon Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rabin Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petah-Tiqva, Israel

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Aart J van der Lely Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Shoba Ravichandran Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA

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Albert Kandra Recordati AG, Basel, Switzerland

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Alberto M Pedroncelli Recordati AG, Basel, Switzerland

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Annamaria A L Colao Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy

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lanreotide, except for the frequency and degree of hyperglycemia. Pasireotide binds with high affinity to four of the five somatostatin receptor subtypes (SST): SST 1 , SST 2 , SST 3 and SST 5 ( 14 ), with highest affinity for SST 5 (39-fold higher

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0361
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 12
Open access
Chunliang Yang Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Junyi Li Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Fei Sun The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Haifeng Zhou Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Jia Yang Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Chao Yang Department of Gerontology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China

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Introduction Hyperglycemia, the leading indicator of diabetes, refers to a pathological state with abnormally high blood glucose level. Hyperglycemia can be a consequence of either impaired insulin secretion arising from the loss of pancreatic

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0225
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 7
Open access
Jairo Arturo Pinzón-Cortés Biological Sciences Department, Laboratory of Human Genetics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Angelina Perna-Chaux Biological Sciences Department, Laboratory of Human Genetics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Nicolás Steven Rojas-Villamizar Biological Sciences Department, Laboratory of Human Genetics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Angélica Díaz-Basabe Biological Sciences Department, Laboratory of Human Genetics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Diana Carolina Polanía-Villanueva Biological Sciences Department, Laboratory of Human Genetics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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María Fernanda Jácome Biological Sciences Department, Laboratory of Human Genetics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Carlos Olimpo Mendivil School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia

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Helena Groot Biological Sciences Department, Laboratory of Human Genetics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Valeriano López-Segura Biological Sciences Department, Laboratory of Human Genetics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease characterized by hyperglycemia secondary to inappropriate insulin secretion, resistance to its action, or both. Over time, these alterations and oxidative stress promote the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0199
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 8
Open access
Peter Wolf Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Alexandre Dormoy Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Luigi Maione Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Sylvie Salenave Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Jacques Young Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Peter Kamenický Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Philippe Chanson Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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of the development of hyperglycemia might be important for the choice of antidiabetic treatment. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate longitudinal changes in glucose homeostasis in detail in a real-life cohort of patients with acromegaly

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0296
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Justyna Modrzynska Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Christine F Klein Department of Cardiology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Kasper Iversen Department of Clinical Medicine, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Henning Bundgaard Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Bolette Hartmann Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Maike Mose Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Nikolaj Rittig Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Niels Møller Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Jens J Holst Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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patients, independent of pre-existing disturbances in glucose metabolism ( 8 , 9 ), and hyperglycemia is significantly associated with their increased mortality ( 10 ). Some studies have reported that glucagon and GLP-1 concentrations are elevated during

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0590
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Open access
Jared G Friedman Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States

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Kasey Coyne Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States

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Grazia Aleppo Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States

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Emily D Szmuilowicz Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States

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of average glycemia over months and as such does not provide actionable information regarding glucose patterns over the day, glucose variability, or the amount of time spent in the hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and target ranges or hypoglycemia ( 6

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0085
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 7
Open access
Hoda Gad Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar

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Einas Elgassim Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar

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Ibrahim Mohammed Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, New York, USA

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Ahmad Yaser Alhaddad Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

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Hussein Ahmed Hussein Zaky Aly KINDI Center for computing research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

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John-John Cabibihan Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

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Abdulaziz Al-Ali KINDI Center for computing research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

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Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

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Aliyaa Haji Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar

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Neila Lamine Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar

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Adnan Khan Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan

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Ioannis N Petropoulos Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar

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Georgios Ponirakis Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar

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Alise Kalteniece Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Maryam Ferdousi Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Shazli Azmi Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Uazman Alam Diabetes and Neuropathy Research, Department of Eye and Vision Sciences and Pain Research Institute, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool and Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University NHS Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Wajeeha Abuhelaiqa Hamad Medical Corporation, National Diabetes Center, Doha, Qatar

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Amin Jayyousi Hamad Medical Corporation, National Diabetes Center, Doha, Qatar

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Dabia AlMohanadi Hamad Medical Corporation, National Diabetes Center, Doha, Qatar

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Khaled Baagar Hamad Medical Corporation, National Diabetes Center, Doha, Qatar

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Rayaz A Malik Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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hyperglycemia) and TAR >250 mg/dL was <5% of the readings (1 h 12 min) (level 2 hyperglycemia). Glycemic variability (GV) was defined as percent CV with a target ≤36%. Hypoglycemia was defined according to continuous glucose reading of <70 mg/dL. Corneal

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0352
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Qiankai Jin Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Guoqing Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Xiaoqing Tian Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Yimeng Shu Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Ximisinuer Tusongtuoheti Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Yushan Mao Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)). Although not a specific disease, MetS is a complex pathophysiologic state in which multiple risk factors converge to add the risk of many familiar diseases ( 2 ). With the

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0424
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 5
Open access
Aldo Bonaventura Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino – IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy

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Fabrizio Montecucco Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino – IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino – IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino – IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy

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Franco Dallegri Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino – IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy

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patients to identify hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia and get immediate feedback about the effect of food choices, stress, activity, and insulin dosing on glucose levels. In addition, patients can better determine, together with clinicians, if a medication

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-15-0044
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 3
Open access
Stavroula A Paschou Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Nektaria Papadopoulou-Marketou Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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George P Chrousos Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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lymphocytes and dendritic cells. This condition usually evolves over many months or years, when patients are asymptomatic and euglycemic. Symptomatic hyperglycemia occurs after a long latency period, which reflects the large number of functioning β cells that

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0347
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 1
Open access