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Sherwin Criseno Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK

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Helena Gleeson Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Andrew A Toogood Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Neil Gittoes Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Anne Topping School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK

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Niki Karavitaki Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a clinical condition that can present in childhood or adult life. Adult-onset GHD is usually caused by a pituitary tumour and/or its treatments (surgery, radiotherapy) ( 1 ). Although the true

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0533
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 5
Open access
María L Bacigalupo Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Verónica G Piazza Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Nadia S Cicconi Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Pablo Carabias Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Andrzej Bartke Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA

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Yimin Fang Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA

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Ana I Sotelo Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Gabriel A Rabinovich Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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María F Troncoso Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Johanna G Miquet Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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, alcohol abuse or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Regardless of the carcinogenic insult, it usually develops in patients with cirrhosis due to chronic inflammation and advanced fibrosis ( 2 ). Growth hormone (GH) is a major regulator of body growth and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0292
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 8
Open access
Jin Kyu Oh Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

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Young Jae Im Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Kwanjin Park Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jae-Seung Paick Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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frequent causes include growth hormone (GH) deficiencies and idiopathic functional abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis, and overt abnormalities are generally absent under these conditions ( 2 , 3 ). Patients with micropenis are

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0200
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 11
Open access
Caiyan Mo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Tao Tong Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ying Guo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zheng Li Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Liyong Zhong Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Introduction Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) is due to the overproduction of growth hormone (GH) by pituitary adenomas, which stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and the long

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0439
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 4
Open access
Mette Marie Baunsgaard Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Anne Sophie Lind Helligsoe Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Louise Tram Henriksen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Torben Stamm Mikkelsen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Michael Callesen Department of Paediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Funen, Denmark

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Britta Weber The Danish Center for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Henrik Hasle Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Niels Birkebæk Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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physical chronic late effects ( 15 ) with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) being the most common endocrinopathy ( 16 ) followed by thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency ( 17 ). CR is the most significant risk factor for the development of GHD ( 18

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0365
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 2
Open access
Alicia Romano Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA

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Juan Pablo Kaski Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital & UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK

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Jovanna Dahlgren Department of Paediatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Nicky Kelepouris US Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA

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Alberto Pietropoli Global Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Zurich, Switzerland

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Tilman R Rohrer Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany

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Michel Polak Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynaecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France

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stenosis (PVS; prevalence 50–60%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM; 20%) and atrial septal defects (6–10%) ( 1 ). Growth hormone (GH) treatment in patients with NS improves height velocity, height standard deviation score (SDS) and adult height, with a

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Cardiovascular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0549
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Alessandro Ciresi Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Stefano Radellini Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Valentina Guarnotta Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Maria Grazia Mineo Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Carla Giordano Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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one of the most influential regulators of growth hormone (GH) secretion and action, with different mechanisms ( 2 ). Androgens and estrogens exert opposite endocrine-mediated effects on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I production and metabolic

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0135
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 7
Open access
Alexander A L Jorge Unidade de Endocrinologia-Genetica, LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Thomas Edouard Endocrine, Bone Diseases, and Genetics Unit, Children’s Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, RESTORE INSERM UMR1301, Toulouse, France

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Mohamad Maghnie Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

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Alberto Pietropoli Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Global Medical Affairs Biopharm, Zürich, Switzerland

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Nicky Kelepouris Novo Nordisk Inc., Clinical, Medical and Regulatory Biopharm-RED, Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA

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Alicia Romano Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA

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Martin Zenker Institute of Human Genetics & Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany

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Reiko Horikawa Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan

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addition, puberty is often delayed and is accompanied by a delay in bone age ( 1 , 9 , 11 ). It is estimated that over 50% of females and almost 40% of males with NS have an adult height below the third percentile ( 1 ). Abnormalities of growth hormone

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0615
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Gudmundur Johannsson Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Martin Bidlingmaier Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Beverly M K Biller Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Margaret Boguszewski Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil

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Felipe F Casanueva Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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Philippe Chanson Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Inserm, Paris, France

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Peter E Clayton Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Catherine S Choong Department of Endocrinology, Princess Margaret Hospital & School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia

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David Clemmons Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

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Mehul Dattani Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK

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Jan Frystyk Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Ken Ho Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

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Andrew R Hoffman Department of Medicine, Stanford University and VA Palo Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA

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Reiko Horikawa National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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John J Kopchick Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Xiaoping Luo Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

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Sebastian Neggers Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Pituitary Centre Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Irene Netchine Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs 938, Paris, France

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Daniel S Olsson Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Sally Radovick Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Ron Rosenfeld Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Richard J Ross University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

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Katharina Schilbach Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Paulo Solberg Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Christian Strasburger Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany

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Peter Trainer The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Kevin C J Yuen Barrow Pituitary Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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Kerstin Wickstrom Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden

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Jens O L Jorgensen Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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on behalf of the Growth Hormone Research Society
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). The requirement for rigorous procedures utilizing biomarkers in drug development is evident and recognized ( 2 , 5 ). The obvious biomarkers of growth hormone (GH) action in children and adults are serum levels of GH itself and of insulin-like growth

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0047
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 3
Open access
Sarmistha Banerjee Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Allison M Hayes Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Bernard H Shapiro Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 ( 3 , 4 ) while in the case of mice, males express greater levels of CYP2D9 ( 2 ). (ii) The sexual dimorphisms in CYP expression are determined by sex differences in the circulating growth hormone (GH) profiles in adulthood. More

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0143
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 9
Open access