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Jakub Supronik Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Małgorzata Szelachowska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Adam Kretowski Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Katarzyna Siewko Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Epidemiology, clinical presentation and pathophysiology Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), otherwise referred to as Graves’ eye disease or thyroid eye disease, is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder of the retroocular tissue occurring in patients with

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0303
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Ya-Fen Hu Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Daxing District, Beijing, China

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Lin Hua Department of Mathematics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xiu Tuo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ting-Ting Shi Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yi-Lin Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yun-Fu Liu Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong-Yu Yan Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong Xin Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Introduction Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) or thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease exerting severe functional and psychosocial influence. Approximately 30% of the patients with Graves’ disease (GD) develop

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0147
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 7
Open access
Ru-Xuan Zhao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ting-Ting Shi Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Sha Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yun-Fu Liu Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong Xin Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jin-Kui Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Introduction Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease which frequently arises in patients suffering from Graves’ disease ( 1 , 2 ). GO, often involving both eyes, is one of the most common orbital diseases in adults ( 3 , 4 ). GO

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0590
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Yue-Yue Wang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Qian Wu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Lu Chen Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Wen Chen Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Tao Yang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xiao-Quan Xu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Fei-Yun Wu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Hao Hu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Huan-Huan Chen Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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glucocorticoid for 12 weeks (0.5 g weekly for 6 weeks, followed by 0.25 g weekly for 6 weeks) based on the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy consensus ( 2 ). Clinical assessment Disease duration was determined as the interval between the onset of TAO

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0162
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 7
Open access
Waleed K W Al-Badri Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Hinke Marijke Jellema Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Arnaud R G G Potvin Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Ruth M A van Nispen Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peter H Bisschop Department of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peerooz Saeed Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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). Pertaining to GO severity (European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) classification) two authors reported no significant link with depression in GO patients ( 13 , 72 , 79 ). In spite of that, in the study by Farid and colleagues, moderate to severe GO

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0259
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 9
Open access
Xiaowen Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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Chen Han Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Hongwei Wang State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China

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Xinghong Sun Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Xin Dou Department of Radiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Xueying He Department of Radiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Di Wu Department of Radiology, Southeast University Medical School Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Shanmei Shen Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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Dalong Zhu Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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Xinlin Zhang Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Yan Bi Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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Marcocci C Marino M Vaidya B Wiersinga WM & EUGOGO . The 2021 European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves’ orbitopathy . European Journal of Endocrinology 2021 185 G43 – G67

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0260
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 11
Open access
Marek Niedziela Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Institute of Pediatrics, Karol Jonscher’s Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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. Therefore, for safety reasons, a short-term clinical and laboratory follow-up (3–6 months) seems to be necessary to avoid missing a defined cause. Thyroid eye disease (thyroid orbitopathy) Thyroid orbitopathy (Graves’ orbitopathy) or thyroid eye

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0191
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 11
Open access
Bushra Shahida Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Tereza Planck Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Tania Singh Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Peter Åsman Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Mikael Lantz Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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& Mourits MP . Effect of smoking on orbital fat and muscle volume in Graves’ orbitopathy . Thyroid 2011 21 177 – 181 . ( https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2010.0218 ) 6 Wiersinga WM . Smoking and thyroid . Clinical Endocrinology 2013 79 145 – 151

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0374
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 6
Open access
Selma Flora Nordqvist Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Victor Brun Boesen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Per Karkov Cramon Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torquil Watt Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Mogens Groenvold Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jakob Bue Bjorner Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
QualityMetric Incorporated, LLC, Johnston, Rhode Island, USA

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 Women 361 (83)  Men 74 (17) Age (years) 54 (42–63) Diagnosis  Nontoxic goiter 135 (31)  Toxic nodular goiter 98 (23)  Graves’ hyperthyroidism 73 (17)  Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) 25 (6

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0026
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 3
Open access
Clara Lundetoft Clausen Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Trine Holm Johannsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Linda Maria Hilsted Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Niels Erik Skakkebæk Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Pal Bela Szecsi Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark

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Lise Pedersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark

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Thomas Benfield Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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dysfunction as the state mimics the immune activation that accompanies inflammatory thyroid disease ( 10 ). A range of different cytokines have been linked to destructive thyroiditis ( 11 , 12 ), as well as Graves’ disease (GD) and Graves’ orbitopathy ( 13

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0301
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 10
Open access