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Lian Hollander-Cohen Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Benjamin Böhm Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Krist Hausken Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Berta Levavi-Sivan Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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brain culminate in a signal to the pituitary gland to release the gonadotropins (GTHs). The pituitary GTHs include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and together are responsible for gametogenesis, steroidogenesis, protein

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0389
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 11
Open access
Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Trine Holm Johannsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Margit Bistrup Fischer Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Emmie N Upners Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Alexander S Busch Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Katharina M Main Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anna-Maria Andersson Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Casper P Hagen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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–pituitary–gonadal axis not available later in life ( 2 ). While the gonadotropins separately have been widely described in most DSD diagnoses (such as 11 , 12 , 13 , 18 , 19 )), the conundrum remains of how the same cells produce the two gonadotropins with a varying

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0275
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access
Tristan Avril Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR DevGen, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France

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Quentin Hennocq Datascience platform, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

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Anne-Sophie Lambert Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR DevGen, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France

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Juliane Leger Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France
Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France

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Dominique Simon Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France

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Laetitia Martinerie Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France
Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
Inserm UMR1185, Le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France

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Claire Bouvattier Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR DevGen, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
Inserm UMR1185, Le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France
Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France

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cryptorchidism ( 1 ). It can be isolated or part of a combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) ( 2 ) and is usually in relation to a dysfunction in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion or action. The major clinical consequences of CHH are pubertal

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0252
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Teodoro Durá-Travé Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain

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Fidel Gallinas-Victoriano Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain

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María Malumbres-Chacon Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain

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Lotfi Ahmed-Mohamed Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain

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María Jesús Chueca -Guindulain Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain

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Sara Berrade-Zubiri Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain

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a possibility of progression to true precocious puberty; therefore, it would be mandatory to discriminate between the puberty (precocious puberty) and prepubertal (premature thelarche) values of gonadotropins ( 6 ). Laboratory measurement of

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology Collection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0651
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Open access
Monica F Stecchini Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Zilda Braid Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Candy B More Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Davi C Aragon Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Margaret Castro Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Ayrton C Moreira Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Sonir R Antonini Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Introduction Gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty or central precocious puberty (CPP) is caused by reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG), while gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty or peripheral precocious

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0141
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 5
Open access
Eleftherios E Deiktakis Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

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Eleftheria Ieronymaki Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

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Peter Zarén Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Agnes Hagsund Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Elin Wirestrand Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Johan Malm Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Christos Tsatsanis Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

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Ilpo T Huhtaniemi Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UK

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Aleksander Giwercman Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Malmö University Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Malmö, Sweden

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Yvonne Lundberg Giwercman Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Introduction For decades, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists have formed the mainstay hormonal treatment of prostate cancer ( 1 ). While they generate suppression of testosterone due to persistent suppression of luteinizing hormone

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0639
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 6
Open access
Chan Sub Park Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea

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Jihye Choi Department of General Surgery, National Medical Center, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Min-Ki Seong Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Sung-Eun Hong Radiation Medicine Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jae-Sung Kim Radiation Medicine Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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In-Chul Park Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hyesil Seol Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Woo Chul Noh Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hyun-Ah Kim Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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in patients with pS6K1-positive than -negative tumors. Estrogen depletion therapy was developed for treating HR-positive breast cancer in recent decades. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are specific estradiol depletion therapy for

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0101
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 7
Open access
Rui-yi Tang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Rong Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Miao Ma Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Shou-qing Lin Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Yi-wen Zhang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Ya-ping Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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characteristics and menarche) after the age of 16 years, low oestradiol (E 2 ) concentrations and low or inappropriately normal serum gonadotropin concentrations ( 9 ). All patients had normal results for other pituitary hormones, prolactin, thyroid

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0251
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 8
Open access
Mikkel Andreassen Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Niels Jørgensen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Introduction The gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are released from the gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In men, the main target cells for LH are Leydig cells with subsequent

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0061
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Open access
Luminita Nicoleta Cima Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Anca Colita Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Hematology Department, Fundeni Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Simona Fica Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Endocrine Department, Elias Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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review from reliable electronic databases conducted between October 2016 and April 2017 using the following key words related to the topic: ‘gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues’, ‘GnRHa’, ‘luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist’, ‘LHRHa

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0246
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 8
Open access