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as well as the brain ( 4 , 5 ). As insulin is released from the pancreas in response to increased glucose levels as a consequence of food intake ( 6 ), it crosses the blood-brain barrier and stimulates insulin receptors ( 7 ). There is growing
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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for women and their offspring occur both during pregnancy ( 5 ) and beyond ( 6 ). Thyroid hormones are involved in glucose metabolism and homeostasis through multiple ways ( 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ), and the associations between thyroid dysfunction and
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Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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, to stimulate GH release, ghrelin regulates food intake, body weight, and blood glucose by acting on CNS neurons and peripheral cells expressing GHSR1a to regulate the body’s response to changing metabolic states ( 3 ). Ghrelin also promotes
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Introduction Disturbances of glucose metabolism are frequently observed in patients with acromegaly. In one of the first papers to be published on this topic, abnormal glucose tolerance was found in over 60% of patients with acromegaly (1) . The
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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that expression of 2% of our genome is regulated by glucocorticoids ( 5 ). Prednisolone is known to induce insulin resistance, increased hepatic glucose production, hyperglycaemia and secondary diabetes. Even lean, healthy individuals can experience
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Introduction The endocrine pancreas responds to an increase in ambient glucose with a biphasic pattern of insulin release, represented by a short (5–10 min) first phase, followed by a long, sustained second phase release. This unique feature
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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glucose metabolism ( 2 ). It is well known that acute alcohol ingestion increases the risk of hypoglycaemia; most likely due to inhibitory effects of alcohol on hepatic gluconeogenesis ( 3 ). In addition, it is well known that chronic alcohol consumption
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complications than constant hyperglycemia ( 12 ). For this reason, novel approaches to flattening glucose fluctuations that will reduce the risk of CVD in T1DM are in dire need. For over five decades, metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic drug that has been
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Introduction Glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are processed from the same precursor, proglucagon ( Fig. 1 ), and have opposite effects on glucose homeostasis ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). In the intestine, proglucagon is cleaved by prohormone
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600968) of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) ( 2 ). Recently ( 3 ), impaired glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity were reported in GS patients, but insulin secretion function has not been studied in this population. Due to the lack of research in