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Sanna Mustaniemi Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Marja Vääräsmäki Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Johan G Eriksson Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland

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Mika Gissler Information Services Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Hannele Laivuori Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Hilkka Ijäs Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Aini Bloigu PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Eero Kajantie Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Laure Morin-Papunen PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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) primiparous women of normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m 2 ) who were under 25 years of age and had no family history of diabetes, and (2) multiparous women of normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m 2 ) who were under 40 years of age and had no history of GDM or macrosomic

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0076
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 7
Open access
Ling-Jun Li Division of O&G, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
O&G ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore

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Izzuddin M Aris Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore

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Lin Lin Su Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

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Yap Seng Chong Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

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Tien Yin Wong O&G ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore

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Kok Hian Tan Division of O&G, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
O&G ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

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Jie Jin Wang O&G ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

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maternal education, household income, family history of diabetes, parity, pre-pregnancy weight, smoking and alcohol drinking in the past one year and physical activity in the past three months. Weight gain between baseline and follow-up visits (5-year

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0359
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 3
Open access
Vânia Benido Silva Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Liliana Fonseca Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Maria Teresa Pereira Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Joana Vilaverde Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Clara Pinto Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Fernando Pichel Department of Nutrition, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Maria do Céu Almeida In representation of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group of the Portuguese Society of Diabetology, Lisbon, Portugal

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Jorge Dores Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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this work, demographic and clinical maternal data were collected (age, family history of diabetes in first degree relative, macrosomia and GDM history in previous pregnancies, pregestational BMI, gestational age (GA) at diagnosis, results of second

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0540
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 5
Open access
N Bergmann Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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F Gyntelberg Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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J Faber Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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demands Q FPG ≥7.0 or HbA1c ≥6.5 or physician diagnosed DM, or use of diabetic medication Age, gender, education, family history of diabetes, smoking history, sport intensity, and depressive symptoms Logistics regressions predicting the incidence of

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0031
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 2
Open access
Chengnan Guo Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yixi Xu Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yange Ma Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xin Xu Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Fang Peng Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hui-hui Li Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Dongzhen Jin Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Shu-zhen Zhao Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Zhezheng Xia Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Mengyuan Lai Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Mingzhu Che Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Ruogu Huang Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yanan Wang Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Depeng Jiang Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

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Chao Zheng The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Guangyun Mao Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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consumption, hypoglycemic therapy history, family history of diabetes, occupation as well as life habits, which were collected by a face-to-face interview using standardized questionnaires. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height square (m 2

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0474
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Chan Yang School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yadi Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Juan Li School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiaowei Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiangwei Qiu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiaxing Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiuying Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yuhong Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yi Zhao School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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time or exercising for >150 min weekly. A positive family history of diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease was reported in the first-degree relatives (parents) of the study subjects. The subjects had hypertension or coronary heart disease

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0033
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 9
Open access
Meena Asmar Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ali Asmar Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Lene Simonsen Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Flemming Dela Xlab, Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens Juul Holst NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens Bülow Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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summarized in Table 1 . The subjects also took part in a recent, reported study ( 14 ). None of the subjects had a positive family history of diabetes. All had normal fasting blood concentrations of glucose, lipids and hemoglobin and normal renal and hepatic

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0144
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 6
Open access
Helga Schultz Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark

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Svend Aage Engelholm Department of Radiation Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Eva Harder Department of Oncology and Palliation, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark

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Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Peter Lommer Kristensen Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark

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, median (IQR) 9 (8–20) 8 (7–12) 13 (8–28) 30 (18–33)  Number of plasma glucose measurements until time of diagnosis, median (IQR) 6 (3–8) 7 (4–15)  Family history of diabetes (%)* 35 (27) 18 (24) N  = 73 12 (30) N  = 39

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0088
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 5
Open access
Xinge Tao Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Yanbin Xue Computer Net Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Rui Niu Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Wenjing Lu Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Huayan Yao Computer Net Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chunmei He Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Bin Cui Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Changqin Liu Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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with obesity, family history of diabetes, or markers of insulin resistance ( 25 ). Furthermore, early education and more interventions are necessary to care for patients with early-onset T2DM given their low awareness on their health status ( 26

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0474
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 2
Open access
E R Polina Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil

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F M Oliveira Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil

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R C Sbruzzi Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil

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D Crispim Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil

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L H Canani Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil

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K G Santos Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil

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2001 ( n  = 67) or 2017 and 2018 ( n  = 72). A questionnaire was used to collect data regarding age, gender, skin colour/ethnicity, use of medication and diabetes-related information. Blood donors with a known personal and/or first-degree family history

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0446
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 12
Open access