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Xiaojie Wang Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Zhiyuan Chen Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Ziyi Li Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Bo Chen Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Yong Qi Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Guowei Li Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Jonathan D Adachi Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Introduction As a major public health issue, fall is the second leading cause of accidental or unintentional injury-induced deaths worldwide with considerable social and economic burden ( 1 ), which could lead to various serious consequences

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Ananda A Santana-Ribeiro Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil

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Giulliani A Moreira-Brasileiro Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Sergipe, Brazil

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Manuel H Aguiar-Oliveira Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Roberto Salvatori Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Vitor O Carvalho Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Sergipe, Brazil

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Claudia K Alvim-Pereira Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil

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Carlos R Araújo-Daniel Department of Statistic and Actuarial Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Júlia G Reis-Costa Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil

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Alana L Andrade-Guimarães Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Sergipe, Brazil

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Alécia A Oliveira-Santos Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

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Edgar R Vieira Department of Physical Therapy and Neuroscience, Wertheims’ College of Nursing and Health Science, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

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Miburge B Gois-Junior Laboratory of Motor Control and Body Balance, Center for Health Science Research, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Sergipe, Brazil
Department of Physical Therapy and Neuroscience, Wertheims’ College of Nursing and Health Science, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

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are more useful in neurological diseases, in which sensitivity is less relevant. The aims of this study were to assess walking, postural balance and fall risk in congenital, untreated, lifetime IGHD subjects. Methods Subjects In a cross

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Thozhukat Sathyapalan Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK

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Anne-Marie Coady Department of Obstetric Ultrasound, Hull and East Yorkshire Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Hull, UK

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Eric S Kilpatrick Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar

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Stephen L Atkin Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar

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in IR would have resulted in fall in the β-cell requirements. Another possibility is that the statin could have a direct deleterious effect on β-cells by multiple mechanisms. Statins have been shown to inhibit this glucose-induced calcium signalling

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Gavin P Vinson School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK

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Caroline H Brennan School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK

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in comparison with concentrations crossing the blood–brain barrier, and they are not thought to be produced in the brain to any great extent (113, 114) . Remarkably then, of the known neurosteroids, the corticosteroids may fall into a group of their

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Jeremy Turner Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, UK

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Neil Gittoes Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospitals Birmingham & University of Birmingham, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Peter Selby Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK

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the Society for Endocrinology Clinical Committee The Society for Endocrinology, 22 Apex Court, Woodlands, Bradley Stoke, Bristol, UK

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therapy as early as possible. This guideline aims to take the non-specialist through the initial phase of assessment and management. Clinical presentation Symptoms of hypocalcaemia typically develop when adjusted serum calcium levels fall below

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Guillem Cuatrecasas Endocrinology Department, Hospital Quiron-Teknon, CPEN S.L., Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Oberta Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain

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Hatice Kumru Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain

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M Josep Coves Endocrinology Department, Hospital Quiron-Teknon, CPEN S.L., Barcelona, Spain

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Joan Vidal Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain

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F 12 A Th 4 Work accident 6.8 Yes Placebo 39 M 18 A Th 4 Traffic accident 1.9 Yes GH 27 M 24 A Th 4 Traffic accident 7.4 Yes Placebo 24 M 16 A Th 5 Falling from three 2

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Barbara J Boucher The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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up by a health professional. Overall uptake was poor and tended to fall over time as it was difficult to access and not well publicised. Uptake was much higher when these vouchers could be offered locally to all eligible women ( 19 , 20 ). Take up of

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Bliss Anderson Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Daniel L Morganstein Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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regular testing of thyroid function during treatment. Attempting to predict the onset of hypophysitis with subtle changes to thyroid function tests has been examined. Two studies have described a fall in TSH in the cycle of treatment prior to the onset of

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Franka S Schaebs Interim Group Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
ZLS, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany

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Gwen Wirobski Domestication Lab, Wolf Science Center, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Sarah Marshall-Pescini Domestication Lab, Wolf Science Center, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Friederike Range Domestication Lab, Wolf Science Center, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Tobias Deschner Interim Group Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany

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falling within the lower range of the assay may be associated with considerable variation calling for careful interpretation as subtle differences in magnitude (effect sizes) may not be detected reliably. Intra-assay coefficient of variance, calculated via

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Line Tang Møllehave Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark

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Marie Holm Eliasen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark

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Ieva Strēle The Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia

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Allan Linneberg Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes Nuclear Medicine Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium

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Ludmila B Ivanova Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University St. Kl. Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Zvonko Kusić Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

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Iris Erlund Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

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Till Ittermann Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Endre V Nagy Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Landspitali-National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland

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Jonathan Eli Arbelle Division of Medicine, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
Goldman School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel

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Aaron Milton Troen The Institute of Biochemistry Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Valdis Pīrāgs Internal Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia

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Lisbeth Dahl Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland

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Malgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland

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João Jacome de Castro Endocrine Department, Armed Forces Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

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Mafalda Marcelino Endocrine Department, Armed Forces Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

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Simona Gaberšček Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Katja Zaltel Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Manuel Puig-Domingo Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias Research Institute and Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Lluis Vila Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Moisés Broggi, Sant Juan Despi, Barcelona, Spain

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Sofia Manousou Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
Frölunda Specialist Hospital, Västra Frölunda, Sweden

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Helena Filipsson Nyström Department of Endocrinology, Specialist Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Wallenberg Centre of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Michael Bruce Zimmermann Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Karen R Mullan Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK

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Jayne Valerie Woodside Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK

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Henry Völzke Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Betina Heinsbæk Thuesen Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark

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). Furthermore, during 2001–2009/2015 a fall in threshold for treatment initiation of thyroid hormone therapy was observed in both Great Britain and in Denmark leading to more prescriptions of thyroid hormone therapy, but the fall in treatment threshold was

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