Heleen I Jansen
Heleen I Jansen
Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Marijn M Bult
Marijn M Bult
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Peter H Bisschop
Peter H Bisschop
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Anita Boelen
Anita Boelen
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Annemieke C Heijboer
Annemieke C Heijboer
Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jacquelien J Hillebrand
Jacquelien J Hillebrand
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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the measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration, possibly followed up with serum free thyroxine (fT4) concentration when TSH is above or below the reference interval. Once a thyroid disorder is diagnosed and treatment is
Beibei Zhu
Beibei Zhu
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Yan Han
Yan Han
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Fen Deng
Fen Deng
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Kun Huang
Kun Huang
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Shuangqin Yan
Shuangqin Yan
Ma’anshan Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Ma’anshan, Anhui, China
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Jiahu Hao
Jiahu Hao
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Peng Zhu
Peng Zhu
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Fangbiao Tao
Fangbiao Tao
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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glucose abnormality have been well established. However, previous studies mainly focused on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), fT4 and T4. T3 has long been overlooked, even though T3 plays a significant role in glucose regulation ( 11 ). In recent years, T
Till Ittermann
Till Ittermann
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Rehman Mehmood Khattak
Rehman Mehmood Khattak
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar (CU), Peshawar, Pakistan
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Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar (CU), Peshawar, Pakistan
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Marcello R P Markus
Marcello R P Markus
Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Jens-Peter Kühn
Jens-Peter Kühn
Institute of Radiology, University Hospital, Carl-Gustav-Carus University, Dresden, Germany
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Marie-Luise Kromrey
Marie-Luise Kromrey
Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Giovanni Targher
Giovanni Targher
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Antje Steveling
Antje Steveling
Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Matthias Nauck
Matthias Nauck
Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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Henry Völzke
Henry Völzke
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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association was observed in another meta-analysis ( 2 ). Furthermore, some population-based studies showed an inverse association between serum free thyroxine (fT4) levels and NAFLD ( 4 , 5 ). However, in only one of these studies, a positive association of
M von Wolff
M von Wolff
Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women’s Hospital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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C T Nakas
C T Nakas
University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Laboratory of Biometry, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Laboratory of Biometry, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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M Tobler
M Tobler
Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women’s Hospital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Division of Pneumology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Division of Pneumology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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T M Merz
T M Merz
Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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M P Hilty
M P Hilty
Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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J D Veldhuis
J D Veldhuis
Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Centre for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, USA
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A R Huber
A R Huber
Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Cantonal Hospital, Aarau, Switzerland
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J Pichler Hefti
J Pichler Hefti
Division of Pneumology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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−80°C thereafter. Cortisol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free tetraiodothyronine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and total testosterone (testosterone) were analysed
Laura van Iersel
Laura van Iersel
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sarah C Clement
Sarah C Clement
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Antoinette Y N Schouten-van Meeteren
Antoinette Y N Schouten-van Meeteren
Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Annemieke M Boot
Annemieke M Boot
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten
Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bernd Granzen
Bernd Granzen
Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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K Sen Han
K Sen Han
Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Geert O Janssens
Geert O Janssens
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Erna M Michiels
Erna M Michiels
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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A S Paul van Trotsenburg
A S Paul van Trotsenburg
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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W Peter Vandertop
W Peter Vandertop
Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam and location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Dannis G van Vuurden
Dannis G van Vuurden
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hubert N Caron
Hubert N Caron
Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Leontien C M Kremer
Leontien C M Kremer
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hanneke M van Santen
Hanneke M van Santen
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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-dose cRT, with a prevalence ranging between 2.6 and 14.9% ( 4 ). Detection of central hypothyroidism may be challenging ( 5 ). Its diagnosis is generally based on plasma free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations below those of the reference range, in
Qiankai Jin
Qiankai Jin
Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Guoqing Huang
Guoqing Huang
Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Xiaoqing Tian
Xiaoqing Tian
Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Yimeng Shu
Yimeng Shu
Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Ximisinuer Tusongtuoheti
Ximisinuer Tusongtuoheti
Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Yushan Mao
Yushan Mao
Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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between THs and MetS in the euthyroid population is still controversial. A survey of 20,053 euthyroid Korean adults found that neither serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) nor free thyroxine (FT4) was significantly associated with MetS ( 6 ). Mehran et
Nannan Bian
Nannan Bian
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xiaomeng Sun
Xiaomeng Sun
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Biao Zhou
Biao Zhou
Departments of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lin Zhang
Lin Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Qiu Wang
Qiu Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yu An
Yu An
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xiaohui Li
Xiaohui Li
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yinhui Li
Yinhui Li
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jia Liu
Jia Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hua Meng
Hua Meng
Departments of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Guang Wang
Guang Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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obese individuals after bariatric surgery ( 11 ). However, to our knowledge, there have been no studies on the association between thyroid function (TSH, FT3, free thyroxine (FT4) and FT3/FT4) and adipo-IR. Our study investigated the relationship between
Leqi He
Leqi He
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xiaoying Li
Xiaoying Li
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zaoping Chen
Zaoping Chen
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wei Wang
Wei Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kai Wang
Kai Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xinmei Huang
Xinmei Huang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Qian Yang
Qian Yang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wencai Ke
Wencai Ke
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jun Liu
Jun Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bingbing Zha
Bingbing Zha
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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secretion ( 3 , 4 ). Therefore, with the increase of hCG in early pregnancy, free thyroxine (FT4) also shows an increasing trend. Conversely, compared with normal pregnant women, FT4 decreased by 13% in the second trimester of pregnancy, while hCG level was
Stine Linding Andersen
Stine Linding Andersen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Louise Knøsgaard
Louise Knøsgaard
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Aase Handberg
Aase Handberg
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Peter Vestergaard
Peter Vestergaard
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Stig Andersen
Stig Andersen
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Denmark Region, as previously described in detail ( 5 , 6 ). In 2017–2018, the samples were used for measurement of maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (fT4), free T3 (fT3), total T4 (TT4), total T3 (TT3), and T-uptake on a Cobas 8000
Qian Yang
Qian Yang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wencai Ke
Wencai Ke
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Fanfan Pan
Fanfan Pan
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xinmei Huang
Xinmei Huang
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jun Liu
Jun Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bingbing Zha
Bingbing Zha
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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(free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), TPO antibodies (TPOAb), TG antibodies (TGAb), and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb)), and RAIU (3 h RAIU and 24 h RAIU). A flowchart of the study is shown in Fig. 1 . Patients were excluded from the study
