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Kuang Hung Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

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Bo-Ching Lee Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

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Po-Ting Chen Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

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Kao-Lang Liu Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chin-Chen Chang Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

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Vin-Cent Wu Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yen-Hung Lin Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

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studies (computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)). Adrenalectomy has consequently been established as the treatment of choice for unilateral disease. Recently, there has been a growing focus on a special group with cortisol co

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Filippo Ceccato Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Diego Cecchin Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine – DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Padova Neuroscience Center PNC, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Michele Gregianin Nuclear Medicine Unit, Castelfranco Veneto, Italy

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Giacomo Ricci Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Cristina Campi Padova Neuroscience Center PNC, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Mathematics ‘Tullio Levi-Civita’ DM, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Filippo Crimì Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Marta Bergamo Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Annibale Versari Nuclear Medicine Unit, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Carmelo Lacognata Radiology Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Federico Rea Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Mattia Barbot Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Carla Scaroni Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Introduction and aim

Ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS) is mostly secondary to thoracic/abdominal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) or small cell-lung carcinoma (SCLC). We studied the diagnostic accuracy of CT with 68Ga-Dota derivatives (68Ga-SSTR) PET in localizing ACTH-secreting tumor in patients with EAS.

Materials and methods

68Ga-SSTR-PET/CT was performed and compared with the nearest enhanced CT in 18 cases (16 primary and 2 recurrent neoplasms). Unspecific, indeterminate and false-positive uptakes were assessed using conventional imaging, follow-up or histology.

Results

We diagnosed 13 thoracic (9 primary and 2 recurrent bronchial carcinoids, 2 SCLCs) and 1 abdominal (pancreatic NET) tumors. Eight ACTH-secreting tumors were promptly identified at EAS diagnosis (’overt’, four pulmonary carcinoids with two recurrences and two SCLC); six EAS have been discovered during the subsequent follow-up (’covert’, five bronchial carcinoids and one pancreatic NET). At the time of EAS diagnosis, imaging was able to correctly detect the ACTH-secreting tumour in 8/18 cases (6 new diagnosis and 2 recurrences). During the follow-up, six out of initially ten ‘occult’ cases became ‘covert’. At last available follow-up, CT and 68Ga-SSTR-PET/CT were able to diagnose 11/18 and 12/18 ACTH-secreting tumours, respectively (11/14 and 12/14 considering only overt and covert cases, respectively). Four cases have never been localized by conventional or nuclear imaging (’occult EAS’), despite an average follow-up of 5 years.

Conclusion

The 68Ga-SSTR-PET/CT is useful in localizing EAS, especially to enhance positive prediction of the suggestive CT lesions and to detect occult neoplasms.

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Victor Jing-Wei Kang Departments of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Bo-Ching Lee Departments of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Jia-Zheng Huang Departments of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Vin-Cent Wu Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yen-Hung Lin Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chin-Chen Chang Departments of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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TAIPAI group
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than patients with essential hypertension ( 12 ). However, the contribution of the different subtypes of PA to kidney stone disease remains poorly understood. Adrenal computed tomography (CT) is an essential component of the diagnosis of PA and is

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Philippe Thuillier Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France

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Nathalie Roudaut Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France

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Geneviève Crouzeix Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France

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Marie Cavarec EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France

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Philippe Robin EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France

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Ronan Abgral EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France

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Véronique Kerlan Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France

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Pierre-Yves Salaun EA GETBO 3878, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France

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carotid duplex ultrasonography varies from 9.4% to 27.0% ( 1 ). In cervical computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, studies show a prevalence of TI nearly to 16% ( 2 , 3 ). The common use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG

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M S Elston Department of Endocrinology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand

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V B Crawford Department of Endocrinology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand

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M Swarbrick Department of Radiology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand

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M S Dray Department of Pathology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand

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M Head Department of Oncology, Tauranga Hospital, Tauranga, New Zealand

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J V Conaglen Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand

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CRH production rather than Cushing’s disease (CD). Computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen and pelvis was initially reported as normal. As no causative lesion was identified on imaging, the patient was transferred to a university hospital for

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Hsiao-Yun Yeh Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Hung-Ta Hondar Wu Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Musculoskeletal Section, Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Hsiao-Chin Shen Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Tzu-Hao Li Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan

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Ying-Ying Yang Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Kuei-Chuan Lee Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yi-Hsuan Lin Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chia-Chang Huang Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Ming-Chih Hou Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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this minimal risk research. Acknowledgements The authors thank all the clinical staff and experts responsible for conducting liver imaging (ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging) and DXA bone mineral density

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Elena Valassi Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, Unidad 747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain

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Natalia García-Giralt URFOA, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Jorge Malouf Mineral Metabolism Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

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Iris Crespo Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, Unidad 747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain

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Jaume Llauger Radiology Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

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Adolfo Díez-Pérez URFOA, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Susan M Webb Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, Unidad 747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain

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://www.iscd.org/documents/2015/06/2015-iscd-adult-official-positions.pdf ). Trabecular bone score was acquired from the lumbar spine DXA image automatically by the TBS iNsight software, Medimaps Group SA, Geneva, Switzerland. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was

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Giuseppe Grande Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Andrea Graziani Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Antonella Di Mambro Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Riccardo Selice Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Alberto Ferlin Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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, quantitative computed tomography, applied both to the appendicular skeleton and to the spine, peripheral DXA, digital x-ray radiogrammetry, radiographic absorptiometry, and other radiographic techniques, as reported in Table 1 ( 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29

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Majunath R Goroshi Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Swati S Jadhav Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Anurag R Lila Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Rajeev Kasaliwal Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Shruti Khare Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Chaitanya G Yerawar Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Priya Hira Department of Radiology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Uday Phadke Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India

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Hina Shah Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Vikram R Lele Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Gaurav Malhotra Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Centre, Annexe, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Tushar Bandgar Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Nalini S Shah Department of Endocrinology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by functional imaging modalities ( 4 ). The functional imaging modalities that have been studied in EAS include metaiodobenzylguanidine scans in earlier days, followed by single

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Lars Peter Sørensen
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Tina Parkner Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Esben Søndergaard
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Bo Martin Bibby Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Holger Jon Møller Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Søren Nielsen
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. Diabetologia 2012 55 2733 – 2740 . ( doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2624-z ). 31 Jensen MD Kanaley JA Reed JE Sheedy PF . Measurement of abdominal and visceral fat with computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry . American Journal of

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