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Małgorzata Fuksiewicz Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Laboratory of Tumor Markers, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland

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Maria Kowalska Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Laboratory of Tumor Markers, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland

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Agnieszka Kolasińska-Ćwikła Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland

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Jarosław B Ćwikła The Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland

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Łukasz Sawicki Department of Clinical Surgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland

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Katarzyna Roszkowska-Purska Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland

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Joanna Drygiel Department of Nutrition, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland

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Beata Kotowicz Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Laboratory of Tumor Markers, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland

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monitoring use the ability of NEN cells to release non-specific markers into the bloodstream. The determination of non-specific marker – chromogranin A (CgA) – is applied in clinical practice ( 2 , 3 ). This substance belongs to acid glycoproteins

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Irvin M Modlin Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA

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Harry Aslanian Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA

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Lisa Bodei Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA
Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA

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Ignat Drozdov Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA

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Mark Kidd Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA

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has remained a substantial technical challenge. A diverse variety of potential biomarkers has been proposed to be of utility in NET disease (2, 3, 4, 5) . These include the constitutive neurosecretory protein chromogranin A (CgA) as well as individual

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Maria Angela D'amico Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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Barbara Ghinassi Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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Pascal Izzicupo Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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Lamberto Manzoli Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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A Di Baldassarre Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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, neurotransmitters, or amines in response to a variety of physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Nine members of the granin family have been presently described: chromogranins, namely chromogranins A (CgA) and B (CgB), and secretogranins, namely SgII, 1B1075

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Yang Lv Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xu Han Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Chunyan Zhang Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yuan Fang Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Ning Pu Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yuan Ji Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Dansong Wang Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xu Xuefeng Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Wenhui Lou Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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, the identification of such a useful serological marker is in pressing need. Chromogranin A (CgA), the first identified representative of granins, is produced and excreted by granules within both the classical endocrine glands and the diffuse

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T Szarvas Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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B Jardin-Watelet Thermo Fisher Scientific Cezanne SAS, Clinical Diagnostics Division, Nimes, France

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N Bourgoin Thermo Fisher Scientific Cezanne SAS, Clinical Diagnostics Division, Nimes, France

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M J Hoffmann Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany

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P Nyirády Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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C Oláh Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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T Széll Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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A Csizmarik Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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B Hadaschik Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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H Reis Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Introduction Chromogranin A (CGA) is a 49 kDa glycoprotein encoded by the chromogranin A gene on chromosome 14q32.12. It belongs to the granin family of secretory proteins that are ubiquitous in the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. It is

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R C S van Adrichem
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L J Hofland
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R A Feelders
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M C De Martino
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P M van Koetsveld
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C H J van Eijck Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Sector of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, ‘s Gravendijkwal 230, Room D-430, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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R R de Krijger Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Sector of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, ‘s Gravendijkwal 230, Room D-430, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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D M Sprij-Mooij
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J A M J L Janssen
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W W de Herder
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Introduction Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP NETs) are rare and heterogeneous tumors which may vary according to their biological, functional, and clinical behavior (1) . Chromogranin A (CgA) and the Ki-67 proliferation index are

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Jens P Goetze
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Linda M Hilsted
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Jens F Rehfeld
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Urban Alehagen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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from the adrenal medulla is chromogranin A, or CgA (1) . CgA measurement in plasma has a central role in the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of neuroendocrine tumors, since these tumors often produce vast amounts of CgA (2, 3, 4) . In the

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Matteo Scopel Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Eugenio De Carlo Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Francesca Bergamo Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Sabina Murgioni Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Riccardo Carandina Radiodiagnostic Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Anna Rita Cervino Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Marta Burei Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Federica Vianello Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Vittorina Zagonel Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Matteo Fassan Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Roberto Vettor Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy

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in both these groups the relationship between bone metastases, primary type/site of NET, laboratory parameters (chromogranin A (CgA), calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D) and proliferation markers (Ki-67 and mitotic index

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Anna Malczewska Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Kjell Oberg Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

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Beata Kos-Kudla Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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prognostic studies (REMARK) . Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2005 97 1180 – 1184 . ( https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dji237 ) 5 O'Connor DT Bernstein KN Radioimmunoassay of chromogranin A in plasma as a measure of exocytotic

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Roxanne C S van Adrichem Department of Internal Medicine, Sector of Endocrinology, ENETS Centre of Excellence for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Aart Jan van der Lely Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Martin Huisman Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Piet Kramer Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Richard A Feelders Department of Internal Medicine, Sector of Endocrinology, ENETS Centre of Excellence for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Patric J D Delhanty Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Wouter W de Herder Department of Internal Medicine, Sector of Endocrinology, ENETS Centre of Excellence for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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, nondiabetic NET patients ( N =28) and age- (±3 years) and sex-matched nonobese, nondiabetic controls ( N =28); and (ii) study the relationship between AG, UAG, and AG/UAG ratios and biochemical (chromogranin-A (CgA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels

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