Sakina Kherra
Sakina Kherra
CHU Parnet Hopital, Algiers, Algeria
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Wendy Forsyth Paterson
Wendy Forsyth Paterson
Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow, UK
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Filiz Mine Cizmecioglu
Filiz Mine Cizmecioglu
Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Jeremy Huw Jones
Jeremy Huw Jones
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
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Mariam Kourime
Mariam Kourime
Abderrahim Harouchi Hôpital, Casablanca, Morocco
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Heba Hassan Elsedfy
Heba Hassan Elsedfy
Pediatrics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sameh Tawfik
Sameh Tawfik
Department of Pediatrics, Maadi Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Andreas Kyriakou
Andreas Kyriakou
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
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Mohamad Guftar Shaikh
Mohamad Guftar Shaikh
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
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Malcolm David Cairns Donaldson
Malcolm David Cairns Donaldson
Section of Child Health, Glasgow University School of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
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of central hypogonadism in childhood and adolescence. However, an accompanying peripheral defect cannot be excluded in our female cohort, and it is likely that the unrecordable inhibin B levels (<10 pg/mL) reported in older PWS females do reflect
Nidan Qiao
Nidan Qiao
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Haixia Cheng
Haixia Cheng
Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China
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Zhaoyun Zhang
Zhaoyun Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China
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Hongying Ye
Hongying Ye
Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China
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Ming Shen
Ming Shen
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Xuefei Shou
Xuefei Shou
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Xiaoyun Cao
Xiaoyun Cao
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Hong Chen
Hong Chen
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China
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Xiang Zhou
Xiang Zhou
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Yongfei Wang
Yongfei Wang
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Yao Zhao
Yao Zhao
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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below the reference range with insufficiently elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone. In men, central hypogonadism was diagnosed if testosterone was low in conjunction with normal or low luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In
Yijun Tang
Yijun Tang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yao Chen
Yao Chen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Jiayi Wang
Jiayi Wang
Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Qianwen Zhang
Qianwen Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yirou Wang
Yirou Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yufei Xu
Yufei Xu
Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xin Li
Xin Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Jian Wang
Jian Wang
International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xiumin Wang
Xiumin Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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the phenotype and genotype in the subjects who were diagnosed both clinically and genetically (NGS-positive group, n = 64). Furthermore, subjects were divided into the primary gonadal/genital disorders group ( n = 48) and central hypogonadism group
Rui-yi Tang
Rui-yi Tang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Rong Chen
Rong Chen
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Miao Ma
Miao Ma
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Shou-qing Lin
Shou-qing Lin
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Yi-wen Zhang
Yi-wen Zhang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Ya-ping Wang
Ya-ping Wang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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M Libri DV Guizzardi F Guarducci E Maiolo E Pignatti E Asci R Persani L. New understandings of the genetic basis of isolated idiopathic central hypogonadism . Asian Journal of Andrology 2012 14 49 – 56 . ( doi:10
Stefan M Constantinescu
Stefan M Constantinescu
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Thierry Duprez
Thierry Duprez
Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Edward Fomekong
Edward Fomekong
Department of Neurosurgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Christian Raftopoulos
Christian Raftopoulos
Department of Neurosurgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Orsalia Alexopoulou
Orsalia Alexopoulou
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Dominique Maiter
Dominique Maiter
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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though they did not complain about any symptoms. Weight gain was considered related to NFPMA if central hypogonadism or central hypothyroidism was present. Menstrual disorders and sexual dysfunction were attributed to NFPMA only if central hypogonadism
Rossella Cannarella
Rossella Cannarella
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Andrea Crafa
Andrea Crafa
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Sandro La Vignera
Sandro La Vignera
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Rosita A Condorelli
Rosita A Condorelli
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Aldo E Calogero
Aldo E Calogero
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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, in turn, secrete AMH ( 41 ). Interestingly, AMH receptors (AMHR) have been reported in human GnRH neurons, where AMH stimulates neuron firing ( 43 ). Defective AMH signaling results in central hypogonadism ( 44 ), suggesting that normal Sertoli cell
Mikkel Andreassen
Mikkel Andreassen
Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Niels Jørgensen
Niels Jørgensen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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, we observed an abnormal relationship between total-testosterone and cfT vs the corresponding LH in the majority of patients. Thus, we speculate that the bioactivity of LH might be reduced in male patients with central hypogonadism. This is to our
H A Booij
H A Booij
Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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W D C Gaykema
W D C Gaykema
Roessingh Rehabilitation Center, Enschede, the Netherlands
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K A J Kuijpers
K A J Kuijpers
Roessingh Rehabilitation Center, Enschede, the Netherlands
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M J M Pouwels
M J M Pouwels
Department of Endocrinology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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H M den Hertog
H M den Hertog
Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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–15 months after stroke ( 7 ). GHD and central hypogonadism were the most frequent PDs. In 8.3% of patients, PD improved, and in 6.2%, it worsened over time. Predictors of PD were diabetes mellitus and more severe stroke (clinically and radiologically). PD
Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Biagio Cangiano
Biagio Cangiano
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Marco Bonomi
Marco Bonomi
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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combined with central hypogonadism Genetic defects inconstantly associated with CeH SOX2 184429 AD Variable hypopituitarism, pituitary hypoplasia, microphthalmia, variable learning difficulties NFKB2 164012 AD Deficient
Christine Poitou
Christine Poitou
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres formes rares d’obésité avec troubles du comportement alimentaire), Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Anthony Holland
Anthony Holland
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
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Charlotte Höybye
Charlotte Höybye
Department of Endocrinology and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Laura C G de Graaff
Laura C G de Graaff
Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sandrine Bottius
Sandrine Bottius
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres formes rares d’obésité avec troubles du comportement alimentaire), Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Berit Otterlei
Berit Otterlei
Landsforeningen for Prader-Willis Syndrom Hiltonåsen, Slependen, Norway
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Maithé Tauber
Maithé Tauber
Centre de référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres formes rares d’obésité avec troubles du comportement alimentaire), Service d’Endocrinologie, Obésités, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
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. Hypogonadism was present in 98% of males and 94% of females. Both primary and central hypogonadism were present, as well as mixed forms. The major reason why individuals did not receive (adequate doses of) SHRT was for behavioral challenges. Based on our
