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Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, involving 50% of cases, with 20% attributed to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 13% to stroke ( 1 ). This is also the case for women younger than 65 years, with
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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= 0 in 64.8% vs 80.9%, respectively), including diabetes (14.6% vs 0.8%). Figure 1 Adjusted hazard ratios of cardiovascular disease among patients with overweight/obesity and individuals in the comparison cohort, overall and by subgroup, within
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Department of Internal Medicine, HagaHospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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mortality ( 5 , 6 , 7 ). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by a substantial cardiovascular disease risk ( 8 , 9 ). Associations of thyroid hormones and CKD have also been described. Multiple cross-sectional studies have linked lower thyroid
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Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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effects ( 2 ). Apart from disease-specific complications, patients with active acromegaly suffer from an increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) ( 3 , 4 ). With disease control (i.e. normalized circulating GH and IGF1
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Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most significant causes of death globally. Despite its critical fatality rate, CVD can be prevented by taking necessary precautions ( 1 ). Several studies have indicated that a high level
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Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Germany GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
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Introduction A broad range of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been observed to be influenced by seasonal variation. Various parameters, ranging from temperature changes to vitamin D deficiency, have been shown to play a potential role in this
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is considered an important predictor of cardiovascular disease ( 5 , 6 ). There are different MetS definitions, of which the revised National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) are most commonly used
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associated with an increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and several diseases, while underweight is associated with chronic wasting diseases, smoking, and other death-causing diseases ( 10
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Steno Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death ( 1 ), and consequently, many efforts have been invested in identifying modifiable pathogenic targets that by intervention can reduce the risk of CVD. One such
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Introduction Noonan syndrome (NS) is a genetic condition characterised by short stature, a characteristic facial appearance, skeletal anomalies and cardiovascular disease ( 1 , 2 ). NS is an autosomal dominant disorder and has been associated