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disorders in PCOS There is also a growing body of evidence suggesting that sleep disturbances including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and excessive daytime sleepiness can be added to the list of cardiometabolic risk factors in PCOS with link between the
Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Institute of Genetic Medicine to Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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components, and related cardiometabolic risk factors, including measures of obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). Cortisol may not be the only glucocorticoid involved in metabolic syndrome as humans also produce
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Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway
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Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway
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Morbid Obesity Centre, Department of Nutrition, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway
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a lower prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors including MS, cardiovascular inflammation and obesity (15) . Additionally, fiber intake improves gastrointestinal function and may prevent development of colorectal cancer (16) . Fiber intake from
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( 19 , 20 , 21 ), and family history of CV risk is closely related to future CVD ( 22 , 23 ). Is there a synergistic effect of GDM and HDP on postpartum cardiometabolic risk? It has been reported that there is a significant link between
Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Northwell, Great Neck, New York, USA
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Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne Australia
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Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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composition and various other cardiometabolic risk markers in postmenopausal women with early or locally advanced ER+ breast cancer ( 22 ). We demonstrated that in women initiating AI therapy after 12 months of treatment, the difference between AI and
O&G ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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O&G ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Aims
The cumulative effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on postpartum cardio-metabolic diseases is equivocal. We aimed to assess the associations of GDM and HDP’s individual and synergic contribution to risks of postpartum cardio-metabolic diseases (metabolic syndrome (MetS), abnormal glucose metabolism and hypertension (HTN)).
Methods
Of participants from a Singapore birth cohort, 276 mothers attending the 5-year postpartum visit were included in this study. During this visit, we collected mothers’ history of GDM and HDP in all live births in a chronicle sequence and assessed the cardio-metabolic risks based on blood pressure, anthropometry and a panel of serum biomarkers. We diagnosed MetS, abnormal glucose metabolism and HTN according to Adult Treatment Panel III 2000 and World Health Organization guidelines.
Results
Of 276 mothers, 157 (56.9%) had histories of GDM while 23 (8.3%) had histories of HDP. After full adjustment, we found associations of GDM episodes with postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism (single episode: relative risk (RR) 2.9 (95% CI: 1.7, 4.8); recurrent episodes (≥2): RR = 3.8 (2.1–6.8)). Also, we found association between histories of HDP and HTN (RR = 3.6 (1.5, 8.6)). Having either (RR 2.6 (1.7–3.9)) or both gestational complications (RR 2.7 (1.6–4.9)) was associated with similar risk of postpartum cardio-metabolic disease.
Conclusions
Mothers with GDM or HDP had a threefold increased risk of postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism or HTN, respectively. Having both GDM and HDP during past pregnancies was not associated with additional risk of postpartum cardio-metabolic diseases beyond that associated with either complication alone.
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NASH had no significant bearing on outcomes ( 19 ). Unsurprisingly given the cardiometabolic risk factors inherent to the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in NAFLD ( 17 , 19 , 20 ). The intricate
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managing diabetic complications due to its antioxidant properties. However, studies evaluating the effect of ALA supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors remain controversial. While some studies found a significant effect of supplementation of ALA on
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Introduction The current definition of overweight/obesity (OW/OB) using BMI has been questioned by current studies in adults, suggesting that BMI might not be the best indicator of cardiometabolic risk ( 1 ). The present definition of
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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might be an important regulator of puberty and a biomarker for cardiometabolic risk ( 3 ). However, confounding or reverse causation, may explain part of the association. Indeed, there may be a bidirectional relationship between SHBG, insulin resistance