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Eng-Loon Tng Department of Medicine, Level 8, Tower A, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore

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Yee Sian Tiong Department of Medicine, Level 8, Tower A, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore

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Aye Thida Aung Department of Medicine, Level 8, Tower A, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore

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Nicole Ya Yuan Chong Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

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Zhemin Wang Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

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Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in 6–28% of people with hyperthyroidism ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ). Thyrotoxicosis increases the activities of thrombin, fibrinogen, factor VIII, factor IX, von Willebrand factor, and tissue

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Akinori Sairaku Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Yukiko Nakano Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Yuko Uchimura Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Takehito Tokuyama Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Hiroshi Kawazoe Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Yoshikazu Watanabe Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Hiroya Matsumura Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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Yasuki Kihara Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

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), we hypothesized that subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with an increased LA pressure. It is well known that hyperthyroidism often causes atrial fibrillation (AF) ( 1 , 2 ), and recently, a study ( 10 ) has provided evidence supporting the

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Shuang Wan Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China

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Chengcheng Zheng Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Tao Chen Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Lu Tan Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Jia Tang Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Haoming Tian Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Yan Ren Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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does to the heart and blood vessels ( 2 ). For the first time, in 2020, the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) proposed including patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) of unclear cause in PA screening ( 3 ). The incidence of AF and other

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Thera P Links Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

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Trynke van der Boom Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

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Wouter T Zandee Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

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Joop D Lefrandt Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

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example is a paper by Sawin et al ., which showed a low serum thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) concentration in people aged 60 or older to be associated with a three times higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in the subsequent decade ( 6

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Zhou-Qing Kang Department of Nursing, Jin Qiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Geriatric Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Jia-Ling Huo Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jin Qiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Geriatric Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Xiao-Jie Zhai Department of Nursing, Jin Qiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Geriatric Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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infection, sepsis, pneumonia and urinary infection), acute kidney injury, atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction. Furthermore, tight glucose control was grouped into two intensities: very tight glucose control (upper level of perioperative glucose

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Alessandro Brancatella Endocrine Unit 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Claudio Marcocci Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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ongoing risk stratification, considering not only their benefit on outcome of DTC, but also any risk associated with exogenous thyrotoxicosis, namely menopause, osteopenia or osteoporosis, age >60 years, and history of atrial fibrillation ( 17 ) ( Table 1

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Agnieszka Adamska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Vitalii Ulychnyi Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Katarzyna Siewko Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Anna Popławska-Kita Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Małgorzata Szelachowska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Marcin Adamski Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland

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Angelika Buczyńska Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Adam Jacek Krętowski Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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.8 0 0.5 Coronary angioplasty (%)  5  5.4 0.6 Atrial fibrillation (%)  5.4  2.5 0.2 ACTH, adrenocorticotrophic hormone; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MACS, mild adrenal autonomous

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Sigrid Bjerge Gribsholt Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Morten Schmidt Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Eskild Bendix Kristiansen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Bjørn Richelsen Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Henrik Toft Sørensen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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, atrial fibrillation and flutter, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke from the index (Supplementary Table 3) ( 31 , 32 , 33 ). A lookback period of 5 years has been reported to be an appropriate time period to capture relevant

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Elena Izkhakov Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel

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Joseph Meyerovitch Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Community Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel

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Micha Barchana School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel

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Yacov Shacham Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel

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Naftali Stern Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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Lital Keinan-Boker School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
National Cancer Registry, Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Israel, Ramat Gan, Israel

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). Several small-scale studies of TC survivors with suppressed TSH showed impairment in cardiac structure ( 6 , 7 ) and function ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ), as well as a prothrombotic profile ( 13 ). An increase in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF

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Peter D Mark Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Mikkel Andreassen Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Claus L Petersen Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Andreas Kjaer Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Jens Faber Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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development of atrial fibrillation. In a recent large cohort from the Danish population, this effect seems to be present even among euthyroid people with serum TSH levels in the lower normal range, suggesting a dose-dependent manner of effect of slightly

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