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options as young adults or as the levels of AMH decrease. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) for women is more complex than that for men (see later). For women, the steps include ovulatory stimulation, collection of gametes, in vitro fertilization
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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GHRT at least once between 1994 and 2012 ( 9 ): 62% of women had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and out of the 173 pregnancies achieved, only 32 pregnancies were known to be spontaneous (without ovarian stimulation nor assisted reproductive technology
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the cynomolgus monkeys with no seasonal breeding. To date, assisted reproductive technology (ART) was routinely applied in nonhuman primates to produce in vitro -derived embryos and offspring, which largely advanced the research of somatic cell
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Objective
To evaluate the clinical features of Chinese women with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging findings, therapeutic management and fertility outcomes of 138 women with IHH. All patients had been treated and followed up at an academic medical centre during 1990–2016.
Results
Among the 138 patients, 82 patients (59.4%) were diagnosed with normosmic IHH and 56 patients (40.6%) were diagnosed with Kallmann syndrome (KS). The patients with IHH experienced occasional menses (4.3%), spontaneous thelarche (45.7%) or spontaneous pubarche (50.7%). Women with thelarche had a higher percentage of pubarche (P < 0.001) and higher gonadotropin concentrations (P < 0.01). Olfactory bulb/sulci abnormalities were found during the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of all patients with KS. Most patients with IHH had osteopenia and low bone age. Among the 16 women who received gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment, ovulation induction or assisted reproductive technology, the clinical pregnancy rate was 81.3% and the live birth rate was 68.8%.
Conclusions
The present study revealed that the phenotypic spectrum of women with IHH is broader than typical primary amenorrhoea with no secondary sexual development, including occasional menses, spontaneous thelarche or pubarche. MRI of the olfactory system can facilitate the diagnosis of KS. Pregnancy can be achieved after receiving appropriate treatment.
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( Table 2 ), as reported in the 2008–2013 United States Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology registry ( 40 , 41 ). Besides, the CLBR of obese women was significantly decreased with increased BMI after adjusting for potential confounders (i.e. age
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Biggers JD National collection of embryo morphology data into society for assisted reproductive technology clinic outcomes reporting system: associations among day 3 cell number, fragmentation and blastomere asymmetry, and live birth rate . Fertility
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. ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000277140 ) 26 La Marca A Sighinolfi G Radi D Argento C Baraldi E Artenisio AC Stabile G & Volpe A . Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) as a predictive marker in assisted reproductive technology (ART) . Human
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this study, 28% of couples in the ‘high exposure’ group and 8% of the couples in ‘low exposure’ group requested assisted reproductive technology (ART) support. Other studies have emphasized this effect of pesticide exposure in women, with lengthening of
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Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital (Hvidovre Hospital), Hvidovre, Denmark
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Carelink Nærhospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Committee (reference number 01-077/96). After exclusion of multiple pregnancies ( n = 2), thyroxine intake during pregnancy ( n = 2), pregnancies obtained by assisted reproductive technology ( n = 10), unknown gestational age at first visit ( n = 11), no
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Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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.1186/s13044-020-0075-z ) 23 Alviggi C Humaidan P Howles CM Tredway D Hillier SG . Biological versus chronological ovarian age: implications for assisted reproductive technology . Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2009 7 101. ( https