M de Fost
M de Fost
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Room F5‐164
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S M Oussaada
S M Oussaada
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Room F5‐164
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E Endert
E Endert
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Room F5‐164
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G E Linthorst
G E Linthorst
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Room F5‐164
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M J Serlie
M J Serlie
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Room F5‐164
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M R Soeters
M R Soeters
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Room F5‐164
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J H DeVries
J H DeVries
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Room F5‐164
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P H Bisschop
P H Bisschop
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Room F5‐164
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E Fliers
E Fliers
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Room F5‐164
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psychogenic polydipsia). DI can be divided in central DI, caused by impaired secretion of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) from the posterior pituitary and nephrogenic DI, which is due to decreased sensitivity of the kidney to AVP. In DI
Milica Popovic
Milica Popovic
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Fahim Ebrahimi
Fahim Ebrahimi
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Sandrine Andrea Urwyler
Sandrine Andrea Urwyler
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Marc Yves Donath
Marc Yves Donath
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Mirjam Christ-Crain
Mirjam Christ-Crain
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Introduction Patients with metabolic syndrome are at significant risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases ( 1 ). Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was suggested to play a causal role in the development of type 2
The Working Group for Renaming Diabetes Insipidus
The Working Group for Renaming Diabetes Insipidus
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Hiroshi Arima
Hiroshi Arima
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
Japan Endocrine Society
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Japan Endocrine Society
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Timothy Cheetham
Timothy Cheetham
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology
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European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology
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Mirjam Christ-Crain
Mirjam Christ-Crain
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
European Society of Endocrinology
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European Society of Endocrinology
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Deborah Cooper
Deborah Cooper
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Mark Gurnell
Mark Gurnell
European Society of Endocrinology
Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge & Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge & Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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Juliana B Drummond
Juliana B Drummond
Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Miles Levy
Miles Levy
Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Society for Endocrinology
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Society for Endocrinology
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Ann I McCormack
Ann I McCormack
Hormones and Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Endocrine Society of Australia
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Endocrine Society of Australia
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Joseph Verbalis
Joseph Verbalis
Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, District of Columbia, USA
Endocrine Society
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Endocrine Society
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John Newell-Price
John Newell-Price
Endocrine Society
Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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John A H Wass
John A H Wass
Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism – Endocrinology, Oxford, UK
Pituitary Society
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Pituitary Society
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antidiuretic actions of posterior pituitary extracts were discovered in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the use of posterior pituitary extracts to treat diabetes insipidus. In the mid-20th century, arginine vasopressin (AVP) was synthesized
Jelena Stankovic
Jelena Stankovic
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Kurt Kristensen
Kurt Kristensen
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (SDCA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Niels Birkebæk
Niels Birkebæk
Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Esben Søndergaard
Esben Søndergaard
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (SDCA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (SDCA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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). The polyuria of PPS is characterized by a high output of hypotonic urine ( 2 ) and includes four conditions: arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, primary polydipsia, and gestational diabetes insipidus. The water
Bettina Winzeler
Bettina Winzeler
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolismus, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Michelle Steinmetz
Michelle Steinmetz
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolismus, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Julie Refardt
Julie Refardt
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolismus, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Nicole Cesana-Nigro
Nicole Cesana-Nigro
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
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Milica Popovic
Milica Popovic
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolismus, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Wiebke Fenske
Wiebke Fenske
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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Mirjam Christ-Crain
Mirjam Christ-Crain
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolismus, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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arginine vasopressin (AVP) is produced paraneoplastically ( 6 , 7 , 8 ). Differentiation between these etiologies is important, especially in order to exclude or detect an underlying malignancy which is present in approximately one-third of patients with
Janko Sattler
Janko Sattler
Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Jinwen Tu
Jinwen Tu
Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Shihani Stoner
Shihani Stoner
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jingbao Li
Jingbao Li
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, China
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Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, China
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Frank Buttgereit
Frank Buttgereit
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Markus J Seibel
Markus J Seibel
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Hong Zhou
Hong Zhou
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Mark S Cooper
Mark S Cooper
Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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the central nervous system. (B) Relative expression of different genes in the hypothalamus. AVP, arginine vasopressin; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; MR, mineralocorticoid receptor. (C) Relative expression of
Cihan Atila
Cihan Atila
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Sophie Monnerat
Sophie Monnerat
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Roland Bingisser
Roland Bingisser
Emergency Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Martin Siegemund
Martin Siegemund
Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Maurin Lampart
Maurin Lampart
Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Marco Rueegg
Marco Rueegg
Emergency Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Núria Zellweger
Núria Zellweger
Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Stefan Osswald
Stefan Osswald
Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Katharina Rentsch
Katharina Rentsch
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Mirjam Christ-Crain
Mirjam Christ-Crain
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Raphael Twerenbold
Raphael Twerenbold
Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
University Center of Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg–Kiel–Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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University Center of Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg–Kiel–Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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) ( 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 ) being characterized by an imbalanced arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion ( 23 ). The exact pathophysiological mechanism leading to SIAD in these patients remains elusive, although the contribution of interleukin-6 (IL-6) is
Julie Refardt
Julie Refardt
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Clara Odilia Sailer
Clara Odilia Sailer
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Bettina Winzeler
Bettina Winzeler
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Matthias Johannes Betz
Matthias Johannes Betz
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Irina Chifu
Irina Chifu
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Ingeborg Schnyder
Ingeborg Schnyder
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Martin Fassnacht
Martin Fassnacht
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Central Laboratory, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Central Laboratory, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Wiebke Fenske
Wiebke Fenske
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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Mirjam Christ-Crain
Mirjam Christ-Crain
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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for the CODDI-Investigators
for the CODDI-Investigators
for the CODDI-Investigators
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The pathomechanism of primary polydipsia is poorly understood. Recent animal data reported a connection between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and elevated fluid intake independently of hormonal control by the hormone arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and osmotic stimulation. We therefore compared circulating FGF-21 levels in patients with primary polydipsia to patients with AVP deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) and healthy volunteers. In this prospective cohort study, we analyzed FGF-21 levels of 20 patients with primary polydipsia, 20 patients with central diabetes insipidus and 20 healthy volunteers before and after stimulation with hypertonic saline infusion targeting a plasma sodium level ≥150 mmol/L. The primary outcome was the difference in FGF-21 levels between the three groups. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups except for patients with central diabetes insipidus being heavier. There was no difference in baseline FGF-21 levels between patients with primary polydipsia and healthy volunteers (122 pg/mL (52,277) vs 193 pg/mL (48,301), but higher levels in patients with central diabetes insipidus were observed (306 pg/mL (114,484); P = 0.037). However, this was not confirmed in a multivariate linear regression analysis after adjusting for age, sex, BMI and smoking status. Osmotic stimulation did not affect FGF-21 levels in either group (difference to baseline: primary polydipsia −23 pg/mL (−43, 22); central diabetes insipidus 17 pg/mL (−76, 88); healthy volunteers −6 pg/mL (−68, 22); P = 0.45). To conclude, FGF-21 levels are not increased in patients with primary polydipsia as compared to central diabetes insipidus or healthy volunteers. FGF-21 therefore does not seem to be causal of elevated fluid intake in these patients.
Lingjuan Li
Lingjuan Li
Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jing Qin
Jing Qin
Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lin Ren
Lin Ren
Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Shiyuan Xiang
Shiyuan Xiang
Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xiaoyun Cao
Xiaoyun Cao
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xianglan Zheng
Xianglan Zheng
Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhiwen Yin
Zhiwen Yin
Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Nidan Qiao
Nidan Qiao
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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approach). However, most patients have a risk of developing arginine vasopressin deficiency after surgery ( 1 , 2 ). Therefore, sufficient hydration is needed to maintain fluid balance. In some cases, however, negative fluid balances still occur. The most
Clara Odilia Sailer
Clara Odilia Sailer
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Sophia Julia Wiedemann
Sophia Julia Wiedemann
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Konrad Strauss
Konrad Strauss
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Ingeborg Schnyder
Ingeborg Schnyder
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Wiebke Kristin Fenske
Wiebke Kristin Fenske
Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Center for Research and Treatment Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Mirjam Christ-Crain
Mirjam Christ-Crain
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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. ( https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3659 ) 19 Palin K Moreau ML Sauvant J Orcel H Nadjar A Duvoid-Guillou A Dudit J Rabié A Moos F . Interleukin-6 activates arginine vasopressin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus during immune challenge in
