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Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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glucagon’s well-known effects on glucose metabolism, the hormone is also involved in amino acid metabolism. Glucagon secretion is stimulated by glucagonotropic amino acids and glucagon in turn stimulates hepatic amino acid breakdown ( 2 ). Elevated levels
Zealand Pharma A/S, Søborg, Denmark
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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, substrate availability, and the autonomic nervous system. Potent regulators of glucagon secretion include hypoglycaemia, insulin, and certain amino acids ( 4 , 5 ). A feedback loop between the liver and the pancreas, the liver–α-cell axis, controls amino
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Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
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endogenous glucose production even further ( 1 , 2 ). Glucagon action is critical for correcting hypoglycemia but other potent stimulators of glucagon secretion are high amino acid levels, which may be an even more effective stimulus than low blood glucose
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Introduction Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are neutral amino acids containing branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chains on the α-carbon, including l -leucine, l -isoleucine and l -valine, which are essential amino acids that cannot be
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, Beijing, China). The products were cloned by pMD18-T vector (Takara) and sequenced (GENEWIZ, Nanjing, China). The open reading frames (ORFs) of IGF1 splice variants of sheep were analyzed and translated into amino acid sequences. The potential signal
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,6 (15, 16) . P27 harbors a CDK-binding domain in the N-terminal half of the protein, which is necessary for the mediation of the CDK-inhibitory functions. Moreover, P27 contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) at amino acids 152/153 and 166
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
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Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Translational Health Research Institute, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Translational Health Research Institute, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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.9% ( P < 0.05) ( Fig. 1 ) increase in leucine oxidized as a proportion of LRa (percent Lox/LRa), which represents the proportion of amino acids irreversibly lost when adjusted for changes in protein turnover. Conversely, the rate of leucine incorporation
Department of Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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metabolites in the serum of ten patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) ( n =10) and ten age and gender matched-controls ( n =10) showing well-known effects of GH on amino acids and fatty acids. GHD-0, baseline; GHD-1, after 1 month of GH replacement
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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and sequenced using the BigDye Terminator (Life Technologies) in the ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). In silico analysis The effect of the amino acid substitution on NID1 protein structure and function was performed using various
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is based on mutations in the AVPR2 , which is located on Xq28 ( 3 ). The coding sequence of AVPR2 is distributed on three exons encoding a protein of 371 amino acids. As a member of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors, the protein has